TABLE 1.
Natural polyphenols and aging-related signaling pathways.
| Natural product | Antiaging mechanisms | Outcomes | Resources | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties | ↓ TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-1β | Apples, berries, tomatoes, onions, lettuce | Shan et al. (2009), Kobori et al. (2015), Elbe et al. (2016), Diniz et al. (2020), Sugawara and Sakamoto (2020) |
| Inhibits the IIS and MAPK, TGF-β1/Smad2/3, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways; activates the Nrf2 pathway | ↓ iNOS, IL-12 | |||
| ↑ GSH/oxidized GSH | ||||
| ↓ D-lactate, diamine oxidase | ||||
| Luteolin | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anticancer properties | ↓ synthesis of both COX-2 and PGE2 | Reseda luteola, parsley, celery, broccoli, rosemary, cardamom, anise, dandelion | Jia et al. (2015), Kim et al. (2017), Akter et al. (2021), Mu et al. (2021) |
| Inhibits the SIRT3/ROS/MAPK, IΚBα/NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways; improves mitochondrial dysfunction; | ↓ proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-20) | |||
| inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress; | ||||
| SIRT6 agonist | ||||
| Catechins | Antioxidative, scavenging of free radicals, and antiapoptotic properties | ↓ NADPH quinone, GSH, ACC1, FAS, | Tea, apples, persimmons, cacaos, grapes, berries | Wu et al. (2006), Li et al. (2008), Ye et al. (2012), Niu et al. (2013), Fei et al. (2017), Yi et al. (2017), Yuan et al. (2020) |
| Activates the Nrf2/HO1, PI3K/AKT, SIRT1/PGC-1α, ketogenesis/SIRT3, and ERK signaling pathways; inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway | ↑ SOD scavenging | |||
| Resveratrol | Regulates apoptosis, inhibits inflammation, suppresses oxidative stress, regulates gut microbiome; inhibits the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB, and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways; | ↑ PGC1α, UCP1, PRDM16, Cidea | Grapes, peanuts, pomegranates, blueberries, cocoa, red wine | Tomé-Carneiro et al. (2012), Yu and Li (2012), Wang et al. (2015), Moussa et al. (2017), Sung et al. (2017), Kim et al. (2018), Khan et al. (2019b) |
| activates the Sirt1, Nrf2, and AMPK signaling pathways; | ↑ HO-1, NQO-1, IL-10, SOD, CAT | |||
| improves mitochondrial function | ↓ IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, ROS | |||
| Curcumin | Induces autophagy, inhibits inflammation and oxidation, and maintains mitochondrial function | ↓ ROS MDA GPX RNS | Curcuma longa | Zhu et al. (2014), Qin et al. (2018), Porro et al. (2019), Benameur et al. (2021), Meng et al. (2021), Cianciulli et al. (2022) |
| Activates the AMPK, SIRT1, and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathways; inhibits the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, mTOR, and JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathways | ↑ SOD, PPARγ activity | |||
| ↓ MCP-1, COX-2, lipoxygenase, iNOS, MAPK | ||||
| Lignans | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Inhibits the NF-κB, JNK/p38, and MAPK signaling pathways; activates the AMPK, PI3K/Akt, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways | ↓ NO, ROS, iROS | Oilseeds, whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts, tea, coffee | (Jang et al., 2019) (Liu et al., 2021) |
↓ decrease/reduce; ↑ increase/promote; IIS, insulin/insulin-like signaling; Nrf2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; UCP1, uncoupling protein 1; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GST, glutathione s-transferase; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; NQO-1, NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1; SIRT, sirtuin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; PRDM16, PR domain-containing 16; Cidea, Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A.