Table 2. Variables for data extraction from individual (primary) studies.
Acronyms: AFOLU: agriculture, forestry, and other land use; CH4: methane; CI: confidence interval; CO2: carbon dioxide; DALY: disability-adjusted life years; GHG: greenhouse gas emissions; ITS: interrupted time series; RCT: randomised controlled trial; N2O: nitrous oxide.
| Data extraction variable | Notes |
|---|---|
| Authors | Of the review |
| Title | Of the review |
| Number of included studies | In the review |
| Number of studies relevant for
the umbrella review |
How many studies in the review report GHG and health impact measurements |
| Relevant study citation | Primary study citation |
| Studies appear in multiple
systematic reviews of the umbrella review |
Flags primary studies included in the umbrella review from more than one systematic review |
| Sector | Energy, transport, AFOLU, buildings, oceans, industry, human settlements, health care, education |
| Sub-sector | No pre-determined list—elaborate on the sector selected above |
| Country(-ies) | Country of study |
| Action | Briefly describes the mitigation action |
| Pathfinder categories of action | The most relevant of the following pre-defined categories: energy-efficient transportation,
alternatives to private cars: public transport, active transport, cross-sectoral actions and policy instruments, lower emission energy sources, energy efficiency of buildings and appliances, improved agricultural processes (increased efficiency and reduced input use), dietary shift towards low-emission land-based products, improved industrial processes, low-emission fuels |
| Description | Describe the mitigation action, including any data relevant to the timeframe, methods, and
treatments |
| Experiment | Flags a 'new' mitigation action, potential new way of doing things |
| Baseline | Specifies the type of comparison without the mitigation action |
| Modelled or implemented action | Was the action modelled or implemented in practice |
| Study design | E.g., RCT, ITS, cross-sectional and case-control studies, controlled before vs after |
| Uncertainty estimation | If this is a modelling study, does it report any quantitative analysis of uncertainty |
| Model/action scale | Scale of the model or mitigation action |
| Impact scale | E.g., farm, local, city, country-wide |
| Timeframe of action | Timeframe over which the action has been implemented or modelled |
| Timeframe of impact | Specify if different from the timeframe of action |
| GHG indicator | CH 4, CO 2, N 2O (black carbon, ozone) |
| GHG unit | E.g., kgCO 2 |
| GHG measure (action) | GHG measure for the estimate with the action |
| Modelled or empirical GHG
estimate |
Was the estimate modelled or empirical |
| GHG lower CI | Lower CI (if available) for the action estimate |
| GHG higher CI | Higher CI (if available) for the action estimate |
| Absolute value for baseline
GHGs |
GHG measure for the baseline estimate |
| GHG lower CI | Lower CI (if available) for the baseline estimate |
| GHG higher CI | Higher CI (if available) for the baseline estimate |
| Health indicator | Particulate matter (PM), NO x, deaths, respiratory disease incidence, etc. |
| Health unit | E.g., DALYs |
| Health measure | Health measure for the estimate with the action |
| Health lower CI | Lower CI (if available) for the action estimate |
| Health higher CI | Higher CI (if available) for the action estimate |
| Modelled or empirical health
estimate |
Was the estimate modelled or empirical |
| Impact pathway | If the health measure is a health outcome, what route(-s) of exposure or health determinants were
considered when estimating or modelling the health impact |
| Absolute value for baseline
health measure |
Health measure for the baseline estimate |
| Health lower CI | Lower CI (if available) for the baseline estimate |
| Health higher CI | Higher CI (if available) for the baseline estimate |
| Synergies / trade-offs | Effects that enhance or reduce the effectiveness of or the capacity to implement other actions |
| Units of change for spillover 1 | E.g., DALYs |
| Amount of spillover | The estimate of the spillover effect |
| Lower CI for spillover | Lower CI (if available) for the spillover effect estimate |
| Upper CI for spillover | Upper CI (if available) for the spillover effect estimate |
| Quality | Rating of primary study by review authors |
| Comment | Any definitions, important notes, abbreviations, elaborations of standard practice, etc. |