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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023 Jun 20;81(24):2315–2325. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.015

TABLE 1.

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Study Subjects

Total Cohort
(N = 50,973; 100%)
None/Minimal (<1 drink/wk)
(n = 23,920; 47%)
Light/Moderate (1-14 drinks/wk)
(n = 27,053; 53%)
P Value
Age, y 60 (47, 73) 59 (46, 72) 60 (46, 74) 0.78

Female 31,113 (61.0) 15,738 (65.8) 15,375 (56.8) <0.0001

Hypertension 23,744 (46.6) 11,974 (50.1) 11,770 (43.5) <0.0001

Diabetes 7,662 (15.0) 4,776 (20.0) 2,886 (10.7) <0.0001

Hyperlipidemia 24,006 (47.1) 11,456 (47.9) 12,550 (46.4) 0.001

Current/past smoker 19,362 (39.9) 8,807 (38.8) 10,555 (40.9) <0.0001

Exercise in METs-min/wk 1,155 (269, 2,041) 817 (1, 1,635) 1,431 (484, 2,378) <0.0001

Sleep disorders 13,852 (27.2) 7,190 (30.1) 6,662 (24.6) <0.0001

Depression 14,115 (27.7) 7,952 (33.2) 6,163 (22.8) <0.0001

Anxiety disorder 17,205 (33.8) 8,995 (37.6) 8,210 (30.4) <0.0001

Educational level <0.0001
 Grade school (1-4 y) 55 (0.1) 48 (0.2) 7 (0.03)
 Grade school (5-8 y) 135 (0.3) 111 (0.5) 24 (0.1)
 Some high school (9-11 y) 502 (1.0) 358 (1.5) 144 (0.5)
 High school diploma 4,045 (8.0) 2,628 (11.0) 1,417 (5.2)
 Some college 5,815 (11.4) 3,341 (14.0) 2,474 (9.2)
 2-year college or vocational school 4,631 (9.1) 2,709 (11.4) 1,922 (7.1)
 4-year college 15,820 (31.1) 6,635 (27.9) 9,185 (34.0)
 Masters, doctoral, or professional degree 19,824 (39.0) 7,992 (33.5) 11,832 (43.8)

Employed 38,407 (75.6) 17,083 (71.8) 21,324 (79.0) <0.0001

Median income $84,305 ($65,169, $103,441) $81,216 ($62,492, $99,941) $86,080 ($68,108, $104,053) <0.0001

Charlson index <0.0001
 0 points, 98% 10-y survival 7,624 (15.0) 3,222 (13.5) 4,402 (16.3)
 1 point, 96% 10-y survival 5,343 (10.5) 2,420 (10.1) 2,923 (10.8)
 2 points, 90% 10-y survival 5,405 (10.6) 2,385 (10.0) 3,020 (11.2)
 3 points, 77% 10-y survival 5,330 (10.5) 2,428 (10.2) 2,902 (10.7)
 4 points, 53% 10-y survival 4,696 (9.2) 2,099 (8.8) 2,597 (9.6)
 5 points, 21% 10-y survival 4,177 (8.2) 1,913 (8.0) 2,264 (8.4)
 6 points, 2% 10-y survival 3,354 (6.6) 1,531 (6.4) 1,823 (6.6)
 ≥7 points, 0.009% 10-y survival 14,691 (28.8) 7,770 (32.5) 6,921 (25.6)

PRSss, mean Z-score ± SD −0.0477 ± 1.0058 0.0013 ± 1.0074 −0.0918 ± 1.0024 <0.0001

PRSss, top quintile (%) 1,747 (20.0) 900 (21.7) 847 (18.4) <0.0001

Values are median (Q1, Q3), n (%), or mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. P values are reported from chi-square for categorical and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. MET = metabolic equivalence of task; PRSss = polygenic risk score for neuroticism (a genetic index for stress sensitivity).