FeO-P25 |
Cement mortar |
Mixed use of cement mortar (5 wt% P25, 2–4% iron oxide) |
Ultraviolet |
RhB is removed by 75% after 18 h |
2013 (ref. 69) |
P25-SiO2
|
Dolomite |
Spray P25 silica sol on the stone surface |
Ultraviolet |
Discoloration of methylene blue (70% removed after 72 h) |
2012 (ref. 70) |
P25-SiO2
|
Mixed cement slurry (7 wt% P25, 15 wt% silica) |
Mixed cement slurry (7 wt% P25, 15 wt% silica) |
Ultraviolet |
Pyronin Y is removed by 90% after 3.5 h |
2014 (ref. 71) |
Original commercial P25 |
Cement sand [ash] slurry |
Mix with cement mortar (5 wt%) |
Ultraviolet |
RhB is removed by 65% after 26 h |
2015 (ref. 72) |
Ag-SiO2-P25 |
Stone |
Spraying silver-modified P25-SiO2 sol on stone surface |
Ultraviolet |
Remove 50% of MB after 72 h |
2015 (ref. 73) |
Original P25 |
Calcareous calculus |
Spray P25 sol on the stone surface |
Sunlight |
RhB is removed by 90% after 7.5 h |
2016 (ref. 74) |
P25-Ag |
Clay brick |
Spray photocatalyst sol on brick surface |
Ultraviolet |
Methylene blue is removed by 45% after 26 h |
2016 (ref. 75) |
Au-TiO2/SiO2
|
Kapuli limestone |
Spray catalyst on the material surface |
Xenon arc lamp 300–800 nm |
The removal rate of MB reaches 100% in 90 minutes |
2019 (ref. 76) |
WO@TiO2
|
P25 (80% anatase and 20% rutile) |
The prepared coating precursor is directly sprayed on the substrate and cured at room temperature for 48 h to obtain MWT coating |
Ultravioletand visible light |
Decreased by 11.74% and 12.05% respectively under ultraviolet and visible light |
2021 (ref. 77) |
N-doped TiO2/SWCNT |
Glass |
Brush the modified photocatalytic material on the surface of glass material |
Visible light |
The highest degradation efficiency of methylene blue is 72.43% |
2019 (ref. 78) |
TiO2
|
Concrete |
Using internal doping method (IDM) and spraying method (SPM) to combine photocatalysis mixed crystal nano-TiO2 particles with concrete |
Ultraviolet |
Methyl orange has the maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 73.82%. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of unpolished nano-TiO2 concrete is much higher than that of polished nano-TiO2 concrete |
2020 (ref. 79) |
Cu-TiO2/SiO2
|
Fiberglass reinforced concrete (GFRC) board |
Cu(i)–TiO2 NPs mixed slurry is prepared by impregnation method, and added to silica oligomer, and the synthetic sol is sprayed on the white concrete surface |
|
The photocatalyst containing 5% copper has the highest efficiency, and the maximum damage to methylene blue and soot within 60 min and 168 h of irradiation is 95% and 50% respectively. Higher copper load leads to lower performance |
2021 (ref. 80) |