TABLE 3.
Summary of findings.
| Instruments | Synthesis | Overall rating | Quality of evidence | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porter Nursing Image Scale, PNIS | Content validity | ? | NA | B |
| Relevance | ? | |||
| Comprehensiveness | ? | |||
| Comprehensibility | ± | |||
| Internal consistency | − | Lowbcd | ||
| The Nursing Image Scale, NIS | Content validity | ± | Lowa | B |
| Relevance | − | |||
| Comprehensiveness | ? | |||
| Comprehensibility | ? | |||
| Structural validity | − | Lowac | ||
| Internal consistency | ± | Moderateb | ||
| Reliability | + | High | ||
| The Nursing Attitudes/image Questionnaire, NAQ/NIQ | Content validity | ± | Lowabc | B |
| Relevance | ? | |||
| Comprehensiveness | ± | |||
| Comprehensibility | ± | |||
| Structural validity | − | Lowa | ||
| Internal consistency | ? | NA | ||
| Cross‐cultural validity\measurement invariance | ? | NA | ||
| Reliability | + | Moderatea | ||
| Hypotheses testing for construct validity | − | Lowac | ||
| BELgian professional self‐IMAGE instrument for nursing students, BELIMAGE | Content validity | − | Lowac | B |
| Relevance | − | |||
| Comprehensiveness | − | |||
| Comprehensibility | − | |||
| The Professional Self‐concept of Nurses Instrument, PSCNI | Content validity | ? | NA | C |
| Relevance | ? | |||
| Comprehensiveness | + | |||
| Comprehensibility | ? | |||
| Structural validity | − | Lowac | ||
| Internal consistency | − | High | ||
| Reliability | − | High | ||
| Construct validity | ? | NA | ||
| The Nurses Self‐Concept Instrument, NSCI | Content validity | + | Moderatea | A |
| Relevance | + | |||
| Comprehensiveness | + | |||
| Comprehensibility | + | |||
| Structural validity | ± | Lowabc | ||
| Internal consistency | + | High | ||
| Cross‐cultural validity\measurement invariance | ? | NA | ||
| Reliability | + | High | ||
| Criterion validity | + | Moderatea | ||
| Hypotheses testing for construct validity | ? | NA | ||
| The Nurses Self‐Concept Questionnaire, NSCQ | Content validity | + | Moderated | A |
| Relevance | + | |||
| Comprehensiveness | + | |||
| Comprehensibility | + | |||
| Structural validity | + | High | ||
| Internal consistency | + | High | ||
| Cross‐cultural validity\measurement invariance | ? | NA | ||
| Reliability | + | Moderateac | ||
| Construct validity | ? | NA | ||
| The Nurse Self‐Description Form, NSDF | Content validity | ? | NA | B |
| Relevance | ? | |||
| Comprehensiveness | ? | |||
| Comprehensibility | ? | |||
| Structural validity | ? | NA | ||
| Internal consistency | + | Moderatea | ||
| Cross‐cultural validity\measurement invariance | ? | NA | ||
| Construct validity | ? | NA | ||
| The Nursing Brand Image Scale, NBIS | Content validity | + | Moderatea | B |
| Relevance | + | |||
| Comprehensiveness | + | |||
| Comprehensibility | + | |||
| Structural validity | ? | NA | ||
| Internal consistency | ? | NA | ||
| Nursing's Current Brand Position Scale, NCPBS | Content validity | + | Moderatea | B |
| Relevance | + | |||
| Comprehensiveness | + | |||
| Comprehensibility | + | |||
| Structural validity | ? | NA | ||
| Internal consistency | ? | NA | ||
| Nursing's Desired Brand Position Scale, NDBPS | Content validity | + | Moderatea | B |
| Relevance | + | |||
| Comprehensiveness | + | |||
| Comprehensibility | + | |||
| Structural validity | ? | NA | ||
| Internal consistency | ? | NA |
Note: Quality of the results rated as + = positive rating, ? = indeterminate rating, ± = inconsistent rating, − = negative rating.
“a” downgrading for Risk of Bias; “b” downgrading for inconsistency; “c” downgrading for imprecision; “d” downgrading for indirectness.
Abbreviations: CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; DIF, differential item functioning; EFA, exploratory factor analysis; ICC, interclass correlation coefficient; MGCFA, multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis; PCA, principal components analysis; SEM, standard error of measurement.