FIGURE 1.

PRISMA flow chart of study screening and selection process. ¹Screening of the following secondary outcomes: anxiety, mood, and depression. ²Additional articles of interest were identified through reference checking of potentially eligible papers and reviews, clinical trials databases, and hand searching. ³15 of the 88 articles were considered “additional information” to use as supporting information for writing the article. ⁴The exclusion reason “wrong exposure” includes papers that had no whole-grain exposure or no clear whole-grain exposure (for example, wheat or rice with no reference to whole grain) as well as certain dietary pattern papers that included whole-grain intake but did not isolate whole grain for separate analyses of the outcome. ⁵Two unique papers included both cognition and anxiety, mood, and depression outcomes. RCT, randomized controlled trial.