Table 3.
Objective Evaluation of Gastroesophageal Characteristics
| Characteristics | Total (n = 97) | Laryngeal symptoms alone (n = 39) | Concurrent laryngeal and GERD symptoms (n = 58) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endoscopic findings | ||||
| Erosive esophagitis | 23 (23.7) | 9 (23.1) | 14 (24.1) | 0.701 |
| LA Grade A | 20 (20.6) | 8 (20.5) | 12 (20.7) | |
| LA Grade B | 3 (3.1) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (3.4) | |
| Hiatal hernia | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring | ||||
| Esophageal acid exposure (%) | 3.04 ± 9.00 | 3.76 ± 13.48 | 2.56 ± 3.83 | 0.522 |
| Abnormal acid exposure > 4% | 16 (16.5) | 5 (12.8) | 11 (19.0) | 0.579 |
| Abnormal acid exposure > 6% | 9 (9.3) | 4 (10.3%) | 5 (8.6%) | > 0.999 |
| Upright reflux time (%) | 4.02 ± 8.95 | 4.21 ± 12.13 | 3.89 ± 6.06 | 0.862 |
| Abnormal acid exposurea | 19(19.6) | 6 (15.4) | 13 (22.4) | 0.445 |
| Supine reflux time (%) | 1.69 ± 9.98 | 3.07 ± 15.51 | 0.75 ± 2.23 | 0.264 |
| Abnormal acid exposureb | 15 (15.5) | 6 (15.4) | 9 (15.5) | > 0.999 |
| DeMeester score | 10.10 ± 29.92 | 12.82 ± 45.17 | 8.27 ± 11.78 | 0.466 |
| Number of symptoms | 5.77 ± 7.97 | 4.28 ± 6.13 | 6.78 ± 8.91 | 0.131 |
| Positive SI | 22 (22.7) | 8 (20.5) | 14 (24.1) | 0.806 |
| Positive SAP | 32 (33.0) | 11 (28.2) | 21 (36.2) | 0.510 |
| Number of reflux episodes on impedance | 38.13 ± 26.80 | 35.74 ± 29.15 | 39.74 ± 25.24 | 0.474 |
| Acidic reflux | 20.55 ± 18.38 | 19.18 ± 20.34 | 21.47 ± 17.07 | 0.551 |
| Weakly acidic reflux | 15.91 ± 14.05 | 13.59 ± 12.71 | 17.47 ± 14.79 | 0.184 |
| Non-acidic reflux | 1.86 ± 4.18 | 2.64 ± 5.66 | 1.33 ± 2.70 | 0.129 |
| Proximal extent (%) | ||||
| Extent 17 cm | 14.78 ± 16.62 | 13.39 ± 18.10 | 15.69 ± 15.68 | 0.511 |
| Extent 15 cm | 25.50 ± 20.18 | 22.74 ± 20.74 | 27.31 ± 19.77 | 0.280 |
| Extent 9 cm | 62.86 ± 22.70 | 61.11 ± 25.08 | 64.02 ± 21.14 | 0.542 |
| Extent 7 cm | 74.34 ± 22.63 | 74.53 ± 25.33 | 74.22 ± 20.89 | 0.949 |
| Extent 5 cm | 94.90 ± 21.90 | 94.74 ± 22.63 | 95.00 ± 21.62 | 0.954 |
| Extent 3 cm | 95.83 ± 20.09 | 94.74 ± 22.63 | 96.55 ± 18.41 | 0.667 |
| High-resolution impedance manometry | ||||
| LES resting pressure (mmHg) | 21.25 ± 11.37 | 21.05 ± 10.16 | 21.39 ± 12.19 | 0.889 |
| LES IRP-4s (mmHg) | 7.81 ± 5.61 | 8.28 ± 5.30 | 7.49 ± 5.83 | 0.502 |
| Intact peristalsis (%) | 66.29 ± 37.45 | 69.49 ± 34.86 | 64.14 ± 39.25 | 0.493 |
| Weak peristalsis (%) | 15.93 ± 23.50 | 16.03 ± 22.48 | 15.86 ± 24.35 | 0.973 |
| Failed peristalsis (%) | 17.78 ± 31.25 | 14.49 ± 29.22 | 20.00 ± 32.61 | 0.397 |
| DCI, mmHg∙s∙cm | 1015.12 ± 853.59 | 1055.50 ± 778.84 | 989.61 ± 903.42 | 0.719 |
| Break size (cm) | 3.93 ± 5.67 | 3.44 ± 3.78 | 4.24 ± 6.60 | 0.513 |
| Ineffective esophageal motility | 23 (23.7) | 9 (23.1) | 14 (24.1) | 0.381 |
| Hiatal hernia | 12 (12.4) | 4 (10.3) | 8 (13.8) | 0.757 |
aAbnormal esophageal acid exposure in the upright positions was defined as a pH < 4 for more than 6% of the time.
bAbnormal esophageal acid exposure in the supine positions was defined as a pH < 4 for more than 1% of the time.
There are statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between laryngeal symptomatic and Laryngeal-gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) asymptomatic groups.
LA, Los Angeles classification of the severity of reflux esophagitis; SI, symptom index; SAP, symptom association probability; IRP-4s, 4-second integrated relaxation pressure; DCI, distal contractile integral.
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).