Table 5.

Comparison of Psychological Characteristics and Sleep Quality Between Patients With Laryngeal Symptoms Alone and Those With Concurrent Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms

Characteristics	Laryngeal symptoms alone (n = 39)	Concurrent laryngeal and GERD symptoms (n = 58)	P-value
Age (yr)	46.62 ± 14.14	51.10 ± 12.82	0.109
Female	21 (53.8)	35 (60.3)	0.538
BSRS-5
Trouble falling asleep	1.54 ± 1.19	2.17 ± 1.35	0.020
Feeling tense or keyed up	1.56 ± 1.12	1.48 ± 1.41	0.763
Feeling easily annoyed or irritated	1.38 ± 1.25	1.41 ± 1.36	0.915
Feeling depressed	1.18 ± 1.07	1.29 ± 1.28	0.650
Feeling inferior to others	0.38 ± 0.78	0.47 ± 1.00	0.671
Total scores	6.05 ± 4.08	6.83 ± 4.85	0.413
Psychiatric comorbidity	19 (48.7)	32 (55.2)	0.543
PSQI
Sleep duration	1.03 ± 0.78	1.22 ± 1.94	0.545
Sleep latency	1.10 ± 1.05	1.57 ± 1.08	0.037
Habitual sleep efficiency	1.05 ± 0.94	1.53 ± 1.10	0.027
Sleep disturbances	2.13 ± 1.17	2.67 ± 0.74	0.006
Subjective sleep quality	1.72 ± 0.69	1.97 ± 0.75	0.102
Use of sleeping medication	0.87 ± 1.34	1.33 ± 1.39	0.112
Daytime dysfunction	0.90 ± 1.10	1.21 ± 1.27	0.217
Total scores	8.79 ± 4.01	11.50 ± 4.63	0.004
Sleep disturbance	28 (71.8)	52 (89.7)	0.030

Psychiatric comorbidity indicates a 5-item brief symptom rating scale (BSRS-5) total score ≥ 6.

Sleep disturbance indicates a Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score > 5.

GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).