FIGURE 3.

Lower expression of YTHDC1 alleviates DNA damage and apoptosis in bladder cancer. The YTHDC1 and γ‐H2AX levels were detected by an immunohistochemistry assay in tumour sections from 36 bladder cancer patients. The correlation between YTHDC1 and γ‐H2AX levels were analysed by using Graphpad Prism 8.0 software. (A) Representative images show YTHDC1 and γ‐H2AX expression levels in three identical patients. The scale bar indicates 50 μm. (B) Scatter plots show the correlation between YTHDC1 and γ‐H2AX level. Bladder cancer cells were treated with 20 μM cisplatin and 10 μM etoposide for 4 h, and 48 h later, the cells were fixed. The expression of γ‐H2AX was detected by using an immunofluorescence assay. (C) Representative images show the level of γ‐H2AX in different T24 bladder cancer cells. The scale bar indicates 40 μm. Experiments were performed at least three times. Annexin V‐AF647/PI staining was performed to evaluate the effect of cisplatin on cell apoptosis. Cells were treated with 40 μM cisplatin for 4 h and tested 48 h later. Cell positivity for Annexin V‐AF647/PI was detected by flow cytometry (D and E). The total apoptotic rate includes the sum of early and late apoptotic cells, which are shown in (F) and (G). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, and experiments were performed at least three times.