Table 2.
Changes in insurance coverage, complications, and mortality after age 65 years, 2007-17
| Sample means* | Change at age 65 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 50-64 years (n=899 454) | Age 65-79 years (n=687 123) | Expected mean† | Adjusted discontinuity (95% CI)‡ | P value§ | ||
| Health insurance status | ||||||
| Medicare | 115 148 (12.8) | 651 023 (94.8) | 20.92 | 71.99 (71.48 to 72.49) | <0.001 (<0.001) | |
| Any insurance | 721 314 (80.2) | 666 399 (96.9) | 86.09 | 9.60 (9.05 to 10.13) | <0.001 (<0.001) | |
| Select complication rates | ||||||
| Any complication | 257 393 (29.8) | 190 355 (28.7) | 28.35 | 0.21 (−0.34 to 0.76) | 0.47 (0.75) | |
| Urinary tract infection | 7783 (0.9) | 9994 (1.5) | 1.15 | 0.02 (−0.06 to 0.10) | 0.63 (0.75) | |
| Pneumonia | 21 333 (2.4) | 15 540 (2.3) | 2.39 | −0.11 (−0.24 to 0.02) | 0.09 (0.28) | |
| Drug or alcohol withdrawal | 15 494 (1.7) | 5064 (0.7) | 1.40 | −0.17 (−0.32 to −0.02) | 0.02 (0.11) | |
| DVT or PE | 13 677 (1.5) | 9921 (1.4) | 1.56 | −0.009 (−0.11 to 0.09) | 0.87 (0.87) | |
| Acute respiratory distress | 10 558 (1.2) | 7676 (1.1) | 1.13 | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.09) | 0.52 (0.75) | |
| Mortality | 27 946 (3.1) | 35 470 (5.2) | 3.94 | −0.14 (−0.35 to 0.07) | 0.21 | |
DVT=deep vein thrombosis; PE=pulmonary embolism.
*
Values are raw counts of trauma episodes (percentages).
†
Predicted based on local linear association between age and each outcome. The column shows the expected value of the outcome at age 65 years in the absence of Medicare eligibility.
‡
Estimates in percentage points.
§
To control for the false discovery rate of independent hypotheses within families, the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust P values, presented in parentheses (see supplementary eMethods).