Table 3.
Association of occupation, gender, years worked, program size, and country income status with clinicians’ perceptions toward exercise and physical activity in patients on peritoneal dialysis
| Participant characteristics | It is important for PD patients to be physically active OR (95% CI) |
P-value | I promote participation in exercise or physical activity to PD patients OR (95% CI) |
P-value | I am confident in prescribing exercise for my PD patients OR (95% CI) |
P-value | PD patients can benefit from a structured exercise program OR (95% CI) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.643 | 0.002 | 0.989 | 0.830 | ||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Male | 0.91 (0.66, 1.25) | 0.43 (0.26, 0.73) | 1.00 (0.68, 1.47) | 1.07 (0.58, 1.99) | ||||
| Occupation | n/a | n/a | <0.001 | n/a | ||||
| Nephrologist | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Dietician | -- | 0.91 (0.50, 1.67) | 0.33 (0.19, 0.55) | 0.94 (0.52, 1.69) | ||||
| Exercise professional | -- | 1.62 (0.35, 7.40) | 9.96 (1.96, 50.5) | -- | ||||
| Nurse | 0.94 (0.74, 1.20) | 0.70 (0.46, 1.08) | 1.14 (0.76, 1.70) | 1.08 (0.51, 2.27) | ||||
| Social worker | -- | -- | 0.46 (0.23, 0.90) | -- | ||||
| Other | -- | 0.28 (0.11, 0.73) | 0.93 (0.42, 2.06) | -- | ||||
| Work experience | 0.039 | 0.301 | 0.006 | 0.322 | ||||
| <2 yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2–5 yr | 1.37 (0.98, 1.92) | 1.44 (0.87, 2.39) | 1.37 (0.93, 2.03) | 2.00 (0.79, 5.06) | ||||
| >5 yr | 1.45 (1.00, 2.10) | 1.68 (0.85, 3.33) | 2.04 (1.30, 3.20) | 1.77 (0.81, 3.87) | ||||
| Size of center | 0.885 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.017 | ||||
| <20 patients | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 20–50 patients | 1.17 (0.71,1.93) | 2.54 (1.42, 4.55) | 1.95 (1.50, 2.53) | 1.03 (0.52, 2.03) | ||||
| 51–100 patients | 0.95 (0.63,1.43) | 1.46 (0.93, 2.29) | 1.51 (1.05, 2.18) | 2.18 (0.93, 5.12) | ||||
| >100 patients | 0.99 (0.68, 1.42) | 2.44 (1.57, 3.78) | 1.56 (1.06, 2.30) | 2.03 (1.04, 3.96) | ||||
| Income status | n/a | 0.024 | 0.003 | 0.119 | ||||
| High-income | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Upper middle-income | 0.71 (0.52, 0.96) | 1.20 (0.50, 2.89) | 2.14 (1.34, 3.41) | 1.58 (0.75, 3.33) | ||||
| Lower middle-income | -- | 5.57 (1.64, 18.9) | 1.95 (0.81, 4.79) | 4.01 (0.93, 17.2) |
| Participant characteristics | Abdominal strengthening exercises can be safely performed by peritoneal dialysis patients OR (95% CI) |
P-value | The majority of peritoneal dialysis patients are physically active OR (95% CI) |
P-value | The majority of peritoneal dialysis patients could perform more exercise OR (95% CI) |
P-value | The majority of patients would benefit from an exercise professional in my peritoneal dialysis program OR (95% CI) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.473 | 0.847 | 0.718 | 0.027 | ||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Male | 1.12 (0.82, 1.53) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.31) | 1.07 (0.74, 1.55) | 0.60 (0.39, 0.94) | ||||
| Occupation | <0.001 | 0.021 | 0.002 | 0.188 | ||||
| Nephrologist | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Dietician | 0.32 (0.18, 0.56) | 0.34 (0.13, 0.90) | 0.67 (0.42, 1.08) | 1.07 (0.45, 2.57) | ||||
| Exercise professional | 1.44 (0.69, 3.02) | 0.96 (0.38, 2.42) | 2.51 (0.49, 13.0) | 1.29 (0.47, 3.59) | ||||
| Nurse | 0.57 (0.40, 0.83) | 0.88 (0.60, 1.30) | 0.70 (0.49, 1.01) | 0.77 (0.49, 1.20) | ||||
| Social worker | 0.32 (0.13, 0.79) | 1.60 (1.11, 2.31) | 1.32 (0.73, 2.38) | 1.68 (0.87, 3.23) | ||||
| Other | 0.50 (0.20, 1.27) | 0.59 (0.21, 1.64) | 0.83 (0.28, 2.47) | 1.06 (0.26, 4.30) | ||||
| Work experience | 0.742 | 0.162 | 0.828 | 0.102 | ||||
| <2 years | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2 to 5 years | 1.24 (0.71, 2.15) | 0.78 (0.40, 1.53) | 0.87 (0.52, 1.45) | 1.37 (0.90, 2.08) | ||||
| >5 years | 1.19 (0.73, 1.96) | 1.01 (0.50, 2.03) | 0.94 (0.54, 1.62) | 0.96 (0.53, 1.71) | ||||
| Size of center | 0.609 | 0.908 | 0.079 | 0.861 | ||||
| <20 patients | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 20−50 patients | 1.10 (0.76, 1.60) | 0.88 (0.60, 1.29) | 1.62 (1.04, 2.52) | 0.89 (0.57, 1.38) | ||||
| 51−100 patients | 1.12 (0.74, 1.71) | 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) | 1.65 (1.06, 2.58) | 1.09 (0.67, 1.79) | ||||
| >100 patients | 1.22 (0.90, 1.65) | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | 1.81 (1.04, 3.15) | 0.91 (0.52, 1.60) | ||||
| Income status | 0.036 | 0.162 | 0.313 | 0.05 | ||||
| High-income | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Upper middle-income | 2.07 (1.19, 3.59) | 0.80 (0.39, 1.63) | 0.82 (0.42, 1.59) | 1.08 (0.65, 1.80) | ||||
| Lower middle-income | 1.12 (0.63, 1.98) | 2.12 (0.85, 5.27) | 0.59 (0.30, 1.16) | 2.22 (1.15, 4.28) |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; Ref, x.