PDENs for IBD therapya.
| Sources | Loaded drug or contain | Study model | Function | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grape | NA | Macrophages, DSS-induced mouse colitis | Promote HO-1 and IL-10 expression in colonic macrophage; protect mouse from DSS-induced colitis | 19 and 54 |
| Grapefruit | Methotrexate (MTX) | DSS-induced mouse colitis | Immunomodulators and maintain intestinal macrophage homeostasis; ameliorate DSS-induced mouse colitis | 66 |
| Ginger | Mdo-miR7267-3p | DSS-induced mouse colitis | Preferentially uptake by Lactobacillaceae attenuates mouse colitis via IL-22-dependent mechanisms | 38 |
| Ginger | siRNA-CD98 | RAW 264.7 cells, Colon-26 cells, Mouse colon | Ameliorate DSS-induced mouse model of colitis and colitis-associated cancer | 21 |
| Ginger | 6-Shogaol | DSS-induced mouse colitis model | Targets colitis tissue, relieves symptoms of colitis, and promotes wound repair in colitis | 75 |
| Ginger | NA | Mouse colitis models | Increases IEC activity, inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines | 63 |
| Broccoli | Sulforaphane | DSS-induced mouse acute colitis model, Rag1−/− mice (T cell dependent) | Protects intestinal inflammation | 14 |
| Citrus sinensis | NA | Human colonic epithelial cell line | Maintain intestinal epithelium | 15 |
| Mulberry bark | NA | DSS-induced colitis | Activates heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 (HSPA8) mediated AhR signaling pathway and prevents DSS-induced colitis | 62 |
| Tea leaves | NA | DSS-induced colitis | Uptake by macrophages; restores the colonic barrier function barrier function, boosts gut microbial populations, thereby alleviating inflammatory bowel disease | 20 |
a
HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; DSS, dextran sulphate sodium; MPO, myeloperoxidase; IEC intestinal epithelial cell.