| HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; phospho-CDC2, phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 2; DNA-PKcs, DNA-dependent protein kinase; L02, 2-phenyl-imidazo (4, 5f) (1,10) phenanthroline; GSTM3, glutathione S-transferase M3; Stattic, signal transduction and transcription activator 3 inhibitor; p27kip1, inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase; SOCS2, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2; COMMD10, copper metabolism gene MURR1 structural domain 10; CLTRN, amino acid transport regulator collectrin; ADAM9, a disintegrin and a metalloprotease 9; HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α; SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; FTH1, ferritin heavy chain 1. |
| Costunolide (58) |
Increase |
Promote DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, G2/M phase block |
Apoptosis |
| Tetrandrine (59) |
Increase |
Activate apoptotic gene Bax, increase Caspase-3 expression, promote cyclin B1, inhibit phospho-CDC2 expression and reduce the number of HCC cells with radiotherapy-mediated G2 phase block |
Apoptosis |
| DNA-PKcs (60) |
Increase |
Increase the number of apoptotic cells entering subG1 phase 72 h after radiotherapy |
Apoptosis |
| PIP (61) |
Increase |
Induce p53 overexpression, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 degradation and increase Caspase-3 expression |
Apoptosis |
| GSTM3 (62) |
Decrease |
Decrease Bcl-21 expression and increase Bax, p21, p27 and p53 expression |
Apoptosis |
| Stattic (63) |
Increase |
Inhibition of radiotherapy-mediated STAT activation in HCC cells |
Apoptosis |
| SSd (64) |
Increase |
Enhance radiation-induced G0/G1 blockade, reduce G2/M phase cell numbers under hypoxic conditions, upregulate p53 and Bax expression, and downregulate Bcl-2 expression |
Apoptosis and autophagy |
| SOCS2 (65) |
Increase |
Suppression of SLC7A11 with GPX4 |
Ferroptosis |
| COMMD10 (66) |
Increase |
Inhibit HIF-1α ubiquitin degradation, impair COMMD10 binding to HIF-1α, activate the HIF-1α/CP positive feedback loop and promote SLC7A11 transcription, disrupting Cu-Fe homeostasis in HCC |
Ferroptosis |
| CLTRN (67) |
Increase |
GPX4, SLC7A11 and FTH1 expressions are down-regulated |
Ferroptosis |
| ADAM9 (68) |
Decrease |
Inhibition of Nrf2 pathway |
Autophagy |
| Mesima (69) |
Increase |
Reduce the number of cells entering G2/M phase and maintain a state of DNA damage |
Apoptosis |
