Table 4.
Hematological data
| Variable | COVID-19 Severity | Mean ± Standard Deviation (number of available data) | ANCOVAa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periodontitis Severity Group | Element b | P Value | |||||
| HP | MP | SP | Total | ||||
| Complete Blood Count (patients excluded = 4) | |||||||
| Max WBC (#/μL) | MC | 9156 ± 4468 (27) | 10,292 ± 4922 (26) | 14,809 ± 3260 (11) | 10,589 ± 4855 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.178 |
| SC | 14,170 ± 8518 (10) | 11,177 ± 4746 (13) | 13,600 ± 5751 (31) | 13,122 ± 6116 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.116 | |
| Total | 10,511 ± 6136 (37) | 10,587 ± 4820 (42) | 13,917 ± 5204 (43) | 11,748 ± 5589 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.161 | |
| Min WBC (#/μL) | MC | 6556 ± 2864 (27) | 6077 ± 2075 (26) | 10,209 ± 4487 (11) | 6989 ± 3244 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.273 |
| SC | 9650 ± 5653 (10) | 7369 ± 3705 (13) | 8297 ± 3631 (31) | 8324 ± 4068 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.037 * | |
| Total | 7392 ± 3982 (37) | 6508 ± 2747 (42) | 8798 ± 3909 (43) | 7600 ± 3689 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.032 * | |
|
Average WBC (#/μL) |
MC | 7822 ± 3398 (27) | 8230 ± 3222 (26) | 12,388 ± 3718 (11) | 8772 ± 3724 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.174 |
| SC | 11,900 ± 6843 (10) | 9189 ± 3845 (13) | 10,779 ± 4223 (31) | 10,604 ± 4714 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.065 | |
| Total | 8924 ± 4839 (37) | 8550 ± 3422 (42) | 11,200 ± 4115 (43) | 9610 ± 4286 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.059 | |
| Max Neutrophils (%) | MC | 81.76 ± 12.96 (27) | 83.50 ± 7.76 (26) | 87.64 ± 4.41 (11) | 83.48 ± 10.03 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.409 |
| SC | 87.00 ± 8.78 (10) | 84.46 ± 8.69 (13) | 87.13 ± 9.67 (31) | 86.46 ± 9.19 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.545 | |
| Total | 83.17 ± 12.09 (37) | 83.82 ± 7.98 (42) | 87.26 ± 8.56 (43) | 84.84 ± 9.73 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.653 | |
| Min Neutrophils (%) | MC | 70.83 ± 14.03 (27) | 72.38 ± 7.78 (26) | 73.82 ± 13.17 (11) | 71.97 ± 11.57 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.492 |
| SC | 77.80 ± 8.00 (10) | 70.38 ± 11.27 (13) | 73.32 ± 11.16 (31) | 73.44 ± 10.77 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.678 | |
| Total | 72.71 ± 12.96 (37) | 71.72 ± 8.99 (42) | 73.45 ± 11.55 (43) | 72.65 ± 11.19 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.237 | |
| Average Neutrophils (%) | MC | 76.96 ± 12.30 (27) | 78.21 ± 7.02 (26) | 80.54 ± 6.95 (11) | 78.09 ± 9.55 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.256 |
| SC | 82.22 ± 8.27 (10) | 78.90 ± 8.51 (13) | 81.36 ± 8.35 (31) | 80.92 ± 8.30 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.695 | |
| Total | 78.38 ± 11.49 (37) | 78.44 ± 7.44 (42) | 81.14 ± 7.93 (43) | 79.38 ± 9.08 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.633 | |
| Max Lymphocytes (%) | MC | 22.89 ± 13.62 (27) | 21.92 ± 7.04 (26) | 19.64 ± 8.73 (11) | 21.94 ± 10.47 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.275 |
| SC | 16.30 ± 8.55 (10) | 22.69 ± 9.79 (13) | 18.68 ± 8.55 (31) | 19.20 ± 8.96 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.442 | |
| Total | 21.11 ± 12.69 (37) | 22.18 ± 7.94 (42) | 18.93 ± 8.50 (43) | 20.69 ± 9.86 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.287 | |
| Min Lymphocytes (%) | MC | 14.03 ± 11.10 (27) | 12.77 ± 6.20 (26) | 9.00 ± 3.79 (11) | 12.65 ± 8.46 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.485 |
| SC | 9.60 ± 7.63 (10) | 12.69 ± 7.42 (13) | 9.26 ± 8.44 (31) | 10.15 ± 8.05 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.365 | |
| Total | 12.84 ± 10.37 (37) | 12.74 ± 6.53 (42) | 9.19 ± 7.46 (43) | 11.51 ± 8.33 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.598 | |
| Average Lymphocytes (%) | MC | 18.39 ± 11.96 (27) | 17.15 ± 5.64 (26) | 14.22 ± 4.65 (11) | 17.17 ± 8.79 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.234 |
| SC | 12.95 ± 8.15 (10) | 16.59 ± 7.67 (13) | 13.69 ± 7.55 (31) | 14.25 ± 7.66 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.467 | |
| Total | 16.92 ± 11.22 (37) | 16.97 ± 6.29 (42) | 13.83 ± 6.86 (43) | 15.84 ± 8.39 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.467 | |
| Max RBC (× 106/μL) | MC | 4.47 ± 0.95 (27) | 4.72 ± 0.85 (26) | 4.92 ± 1.00 (11) | 4.65 ± 0.92 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.952 |
| SC | 4.65 ± 0.99 (10) | 4.71 ± 1.12 (13) | 4.72 ± 1.09 (31) | 4.70 ± 1.06 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.982 | |
| Total | 4.52 ± 0.95 (37) | 4.72 ± 0.93 (42) | 4.77 ± 1.06 (43) | 4.67 ± 0.98 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.933 | |
| Min RBC (× 106/μL) | MC | 4.16 ± 0.90 (27) | 4.13 ± 0.75 (26) | 4.34 ± 1.10 (11) | 4.18 ± 0.87 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.456 |
| SC | 4.04 ± 1.00 (10) | 4.16 ± 1.26 (13) | 3.99 ± 1.21 (31) | 4.04 ± 1.17 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.862 | |
| Total | 4.13 ± 0.92 (37) | 4.14 ± 0.93 (42) | 4.09 ± 1.18 (43) | 4.12 ± 1.01 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.844 | |
| Average RBC (× 106/μL) | MC | 4.31 ± 0.92 (27) | 4.39 ± 0.75 (26) | 4.61 ± 1.02 (11) | 4.40 ± 0.86 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.671 |
| SC | 4.35 ± 0.92 (10) | 4.41 ± 1.15 (13) | 4.35 ± 1.08 (31) | 4.36 ± 1.05 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.884 | |
| Total | 4.32 ± 0.90 (37) | 4.40 ± 0.89 (42) | 4.42 ± 1.06 (43) | 4.38 ± 0.95 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.925 | |
| Max Hemoglobin (g/dL) | MC | 12.53 ± 2.80 (27) | 13.55 ± 2.52 (26) | 14.29 ± 2.89 (11) | 13.25 ± 2.75 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.552 |
| SC | 13.05 ± 2.88 (10) | 13.05 ± 2.27 (13) | 13.25 ± 3.15 (31) | 13.17 ± 2.86 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.949 | |
| Total | 12.67 ± 2.79 (37) | 13.39 ± 2.42 (42) | 13.52 ± 3.08 (43) | 13.21 ± 2.79 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.854 | |
| Min Hemoglobin (g/dL) | MC | 11.66 ± 2.66 (27) | 11.83 ± 2.12 (26) | 12.29 ± 2.85 (11) | 11.83 ± 2.46 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.164 |
| SC | 11.11 ± 2.97 (10) | 11.32 ± 2.74 (13) | 11.00 ± 3.27 (31) | 11.10 ± 3.05 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.708 | |
| Total | 11.51 ± 2.72 (37) | 11.66 ± 2.32 (42) | 11.34 ± 3.18 (43) | 11.50 ± 2.76 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.940 | |
| Average Hemoglobin (g/dL) | MC | 12.09 ± 2.72 (27) | 12.57 ± 2.17 (26) | 13.22 ± 2.66 (11) | 12.48 ± 2.49 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.298 |
| SC | 12.09 ± 2.67 (10) | 12.11 ± 2.30 (13) | 12.10 ± 3.00 (31) | 12.10 ± 2.74 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.769 | |
| Total | 12.09 ± 2.67 (37) | 12.42 ± 2.20 (42) | 12.39 ± 2.93 (43) | 12.31 ± 2.60 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.957 | |
| Max Hematocrit (%) | MC | 38.40 ± 8.07 (27) | 41.57 ± 6.99 (26) | 43.21 ± 7.64 (11) | 40.51 ± 7.69 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.684 |
| SC | 39.60 ± 7.87 (10) | 40.67 ± 7.93 (13) | 40.80 ± 9.65 (31) | 40.55 ± 8.81 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.973 | |
| Total | 38.73 ± 7.92 (37) | 41.27 ± 7.23 (42) | 41.43 ± 9.14 (43) | 40.53 ± 8.19 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.948 | |
| Min Hematocrit (%) | MC | 36.08 ± 7.64 (27) | 36.33 ± 6.41 (26) | 38.24 ± 8.18 (11) | 36.55 ± 7.18 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.309 |
| SC | 35.31 ± 9.47 (10) | 35.95 ± 8.91 (13) | 34.42 ± 10.04 (31) | 34.95 ± 9.52 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.672 | |
| Total | 35.87 ± 8.04 (37) | 36.20 ± 7.22 (42) | 35.42 ± 9.64 (43) | 35.82 ± 8.34 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.843 | |
| Average Hematocrit (%) | MC | 36.86 ± 8.18 (27) | 38.59 ± 6.37 (26) | 37.80 ± 9.50 (11) | 37.73 ± 7.66 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.899 |
| SC | 36.96 ± 7.41 (10) | 38.14 ± 7.91 (13) | 37.54 ± 9.20 (31) | 37.58 ± 8.46 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.568 | |
| Total | 36.89 ± 7.88 (37) | 38.44 ± 6.82 (42) | 37.61 ± 9.16 (43) | 37.66 ± 8.00 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.913 | |
| Max Platelets (× 103/μL) | MC | 216.3 ± 62.9 (27) | 227.3 ± 80.9 (26) | 300.7 ± 115.2 (11) | 235.3 ± 85.2 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.315 |
| SC | 251.3 ± 60.2 (10) | 224.2 ± 107.3 (13) | 213.3 ± 100.6 (31) | 222.9 ± 95.7 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.114 | |
| Total | 225.8 ± 63.3 (37) | 226.3 ± 89.1 (42) | 236.2 ± 110.2 (43) | 229.6 ± 90.0 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.008 * | |
| Min Platelets (× 103/μL) | MC | 176.7 ± 65.9 (27) | 165.0 ± 56.8 (26) | 239.2 ± 94.7 (11) | 182.7 ± 72.1 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.150 |
| SC | 206.4 ± 40.8 (10) | 162.2 ± 91.6 (13) | 148.2 ± 89.9 (31) | 162.4 ± 85.1 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.068 | |
| Total | 184.8 ± 61.1 (37) | 164.1 ± 69.1 (42) | 172.0 ± 98.7 (43) | 173.4 ± 78.6 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.001 * | |
| Average Platelets (× 103/μL) | MC | 196.37 ± 61.80 (27) | 197.41 ± 62.80 (26) | 270.61 ± 100.41 (11) | 209.55 ± 74.35 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.164 |
| SC | 226.03 ± 42.60 (10) | 192.56 ± 95.46 (13) | 178.46 ± 91.41 (31) | 190.66 ± 86.17 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.085 | |
| Total | 204.39 ± 58.23 (37) | 195.79 ± 74.01 (42) | 202.59 ± 101.26 (43) | 200.91 ± 80.18 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.002 * | |
|
MCV (fL) |
MC | 86.55 ± 5.02 (27) | 88.36 ± 6.85 (26) | 89.03 ± 8.52 (11) | 87.71 ± 6.45 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.348 |
| SC | 85.19 ± 3.97 (10) | 87.29 ± 4.55 (13) | 86.88 ± 9.74 (31) | 86.67 ± 7.85 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.760 | |
| Total | 86.18 ± 4.74 (37) | 88.00 ± 6.14 (42) | 87.45 ± 9.38 (43) | 87.23 ± 7.11 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.945 | |
|
MCH (pg) |
MC | 28.13 ± 1.80 (27) | 28.75 ± 2.80 (26) | 28.89 ± 3.65 (11) | 28.51 ± 2.59 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.273 |
| SC | 27.74 ± 1.98 (10) | 27.79 ± 1.88 (13) | 28.05 ± 4.32 (31) | 27.93 ± 3.47 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.903 | |
| Total | 28.02 ± 1.83 (37) | 28.43 ± 2.55 (42) | 28.27 ± 4.13 (43) | 28.24 ± 3.02 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.947 | |
|
MCHC (g/dL) |
MC | 32.38 ± 1.28 (27) | 32.44 ± 1.44 (26) | 32.39 ± 1.80 (11) | 32.41 ± 1.42 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.439 |
| SC | 32.55 ± 1.54 (10) | 31.81 ± 1.20 (13) | 32.14 ± 1.75 (31) | 32.14 ± 1.59 (54) | Periodontitis | 0.375 | |
| Total | 32.43 ± 1.34 (37) | 32.23 ± 1.38 (42) | 32.21 ± 1.74 (43) | 32.28 ± 1.50 (118) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.637 | |
| Average ESR (mm) | MC | 48.35 ± 36.62 (24) | 42.62 ± 30.90 (25) | 46.83 ± 37.72 (9) | 45.64 ± 33.91 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.230 |
| SC | 63.70 ± 34.80 (10) | 54.30 ± 46.14 (13) | 48.16 ± 37.38 (30) | 52.604 ± 38.94 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.965 | |
| Total | 52.86 ± 36.27 (34) | 46.61 ± 36.62 (28) | 47.85 ± 36.96 (39) | 48.96 ± 36.40 (111) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.570 | |
| Venous Blood Gas | |||||||
| pH | MC | 7.401 ± 0.086 (24) | 7.394 ± 0.053 (26) | 7.379 ± 0.060 (9) | 7.394 ± 0.069 (59) | COVID-19 | 0.972 |
| SC | 7.382 ± 0.046 (8) | 7.412 ± 0.046 (14) | 7.392 ± 0.084 (29) | 7.396 ± 0.070 (51) | Periodontitis | 0.872 | |
| Total | 7.396 ± 0.078 (32) | 7.400 ± 0.051 (40) | 7.389 ± 0.079 (38) | 7.395 ± 0.069 (110) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.707 | |
| pCO2 (mmHg) | MC | 39.61 ± 11.15 (24) | 36.98 ± 14.56 (26) | 39.87 ± 7.62 (9) | 38.49 ± 12.27 (59) | COVID-19 | 0.619 |
| SC | 35.99 ± 10.17 (8) | 35.57 ± 9.66 (14) | 39.43 ± 9.99 (29) | 37.83 ± 9.90 (51) | Periodontitis | 0.821 | |
| Total | 38.71 ± 10.87 (32) | 36.49 ± 12.94 (40) | 39.53 ± 9.38 (38) | 38.18 ± 11.19 (110) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.665 | |
|
pO2 (mmHg) |
MC | 31.48 ± 12.88 (24) | 37.53 ± 12.80 (26) | 36.14 ± 14.96 (9) | 34.86 ± 13.25 (59) | COVID-19 | 0.022 * |
| SC | 39.04 ± 10.52 (8) | 52.56 ± 25.50 (14) | 41.16 ± 17.39 (29) | 43.96 ± 19.57 (51) | Periodontitis | 0.108 | |
| Total | 33.37 ± 12.62 (32) | 42.79 ± 19.35 (40) | 39.97 ± 16.79 (38) | 39.08 ± 17.03 (110) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.452 | |
| TCO2 (mmol/L) | MC | 25.32 ± 4.49 (24) | 23.22 ± 7.80 (26) | 24.75 ± 3.87 (9) | 24.31 ± 6.11 (59) | COVID-19 | 0.614 |
| SC | 22.57 ± 6.22 (8) | 23.38 ± 6.04 (13) | 25.28 ± 6.44 (29) | 24.35 ± 6.28 (50) | Periodontitis | 0.739 | |
| Total | 24.63 ± 5.02 (32) | 23.27 ± 7.18 (39) | 25.15 ± 5.89 (38) | 24.33 ± 6.16 (109) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.476 | |
| HCO3− (mmol/L) | MC | 24.13 ± 4.28 (24) | 22.08 ± 7.39 (26) | 23.53 ± 3.72 (9) | 23.13 ± 5.80 (59) | COVID-19 | 0.630 |
| SC | 21.53 ± 6.00 (8) | 22.29 ± 5.84 (13) | 24.09 ± 6.24 (29) | 23.21 ± 6.07 (50) | Periodontitis | 0.729 | |
| Total | 23.48 ± 4.80 (32) | 22.15 ± 6.84 (39) | 23.95 ± 5.70 (38) | 23.17 ± 5.90 (109) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.476 | |
|
SO2 (%) |
MC | 64.28 ± 15.48 (18) | 67.81 ± 15.63 (24) | 72.96 ± 14.63 (7) | 67.25 ± 15.39 (49) | COVID-19 | 0.191 |
| SC | 68.18 ± 17.69 (8) | 79.72 ± 11.38 (13) | 75.18 ± 14.76 (25) | 75.25 ± 14.63 (46) | Periodontitis | 0.418 | |
| Total | 65.48 ± 15.93 (26) | 72.00 ± 15.24 (37) | 74.70 ± 14.53 (32) | 71.12 ± 15.48 (95) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.422 | |
| Coagulation (patients excluded = 4) | |||||||
|
Max PT (s) |
MC | 13.19 ± 2.17 (26) | 13.15 ± 1.92 (26) | 13.44 ± 1.75 (10) | 13.22 ± 1.98 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.013 * |
| SC | 18.60 ± 16.59 (10) | 13.65 ± 1.92 (13) | 18.87 ± 10.26 (30) | 17.54 ± 10.59 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.089 | |
| Total | 14.69 ± 8.95 (36) | 13.32 ± 1.91 (39) | 17.51 ± 9.20 (40) | 15.21 ± 7.61 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.276 | |
|
Min PT (s) |
MC | 12.91 ± 1.36 (26) | 12.99 ± 1.45 (26) | 13.44 ± 1.75 (10) | 13.03 ± 1.45 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.016* |
| SC | 15.67 ± 8.34 (10) | 12.88 ± 1.37 (13) | 16.03 ± 5.06 (30) | 15.19 ± 5.34 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.047 * | |
| Total | 13.68 ± 4.56 (36) | 12.95 ± 1.41 (39) | 15.38 ± 4.58 (40) | 14.03 ± 3.91 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.204 | |
|
Average PT (s) |
MC | 13.07 ± 1.76 (26) | 13.06 ± 1.62 (26) | 13.44 ± 1.75 (10) | 13.13 ± 1.68 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.010 * |
| SC | 17.16 ± 12.54 (10) | 13.22 ± 1.47 (13) | 17.15 ± 6.60 (30) | 16.19 ± 7.41 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.056 | |
| Total | 14.21 ± 6.79 (36) | 13.11 ± 1.55 (39) | 16.22 ± 5.98 (40) | 14.54 ± 5.38 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.214 | |
| Max INR | MC | 1.148 ± 0.193 (26) | 1.140 ± 0.174 (26) | 1.170 ± 0.134 (10) | 1.148 ± 0.174 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.014 * |
| SC | 1.749 ± 1.953 (10) | 1.195 ± 0.192 (13) | 1.656 ± 0.934 (30) | 1.561 ± 1.096 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.114 | |
| Total | 1.315 ± 1.040 (36) | 1.158 ± 0.180 (39) | 1.535 ± 0.836 (40) | 1.338 ± 0.779 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.280 | |
| Min INR | MC | 1.116 ± 0.094 (26) | 1.121 ± 0.119 (26) | 1.170 ± 0.134 (10) | 1.127 ± 0.111 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.026 * |
| SC | 1.391 ± 0.918 (10) | 1.122 ± 0.114 (13) | 1.397 ± 0.510 (30) | 1.328 ± 0.555 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.089 | |
| Total | 1.193 ± 0.489 (36) | 1.121 ± 0.116 (39) | 1.340 ± 0.455 (40) | 1.220 ± 0.397 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.288 | |
| Average INR | MC | 1.135 ± 0.146 (26) | 1.129 ± 0.135 (26) | 1.169 ± 0.134 (10) | 1.138 ± 0.138 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.014 * |
| SC | 1.555 ± 1.387 (10) | 1.153 ± 0.138 (13) | 1.503 ± 0.637 (30) | 1.427 ± 0.767 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.089 | |
| Total | 1.252 ± 0.739 (36) | 1.137 ± 0.135 (39) | 1.420 ± 0.572 (40) | 1.271 ± 0.548 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.260 | |
|
Max PTT (s) |
MC | 29.63 ± 5.03 (26) | 31.22 ± 14.41 (26) | 29.82 ± 4.54 (10) | 30.33 ± 9.95 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.016 * |
| SC | 39.87 ± 24.57 (10) | 37.05 ± 17.12 (13) | 37.80 ± 20.60 (30) | 38.00 ± 20.24 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.896 | |
| Total | 32.48 ± 13.96 (36) | 33.16 ± 15.39 (39) | 35.80 ± 18.23 (40) | 33.87 ± 15.96 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.885 | |
|
Min PTT (s) |
MC | 29.33 ± 4.95 (26) | 30.55 ± 14.40 (26) | 29.82 ± 4.54 (10) | 29.92 ± 9.92 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.480 |
| SC | 30.76 ± 5.12 (10) | 32.22 ± 12.14 (13) | 29.34 ± 5.97 (30) | 30.32 ± 7.74 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.572 | |
| Total | 29.73 ± 4.96 (36) | 31.10 ± 13.55 (39) | 29.46 ± 5.60 (40) | 30.10 ± 8.95 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.911 | |
| Average PTT (s) | MC | 29.48 ± 4.95 (26) | 30.89 ± 14.31 (26) | 29.82 ± 4.54 (10) | 30.13 ± 9.87 (62) | COVID-19 | 0.054 |
| SC | 35.26 ± 12.16 (10) | 34.10 ± 12.14 (13) | 32.63 ± 9.84 (30) | 33.49 ± 10.71 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.809 | |
| Total | 31.09 ± 7.90 (36) | 31.96 ± 13.55 (39) | 31.93 ± 8.85 (40) | 31.67 ± 10.36 (115) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.893 | |
| Kidney and Electrolytes (patients excluded = 16) | |||||||
| Max Urea (mg/dL) | MC | 32.48 ± 7.72 (23) | 38.92 ± 12.94 (24) | 44.18 ± 12.34 (11) | 37.36 ± 11.70 (58) | COVID-19 | < 0.001 * |
| SC | 65.67 ± 55.31 (9) | 51.83 ± 30.91 (12) | 68.26 ± 35.48 (27) | 63.67 ± 38.59 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.243 | |
| Total | 41.81 ± 32.58 (32) | 43.22 ± 21.18 (36) | 61.29 ± 32.37 (38) | 49.27 ± 30.23 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.436 | |
| Min Urea (mg/dL) | MC | 25.65 ± 6.14 (23) | 26.21 ± 10.53 (24) | 36.18 ± 10.86 (11) | 27.88 ± 9.82 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.098 |
| SC | 41.67 ± 42.69 (9) | 29.83 ± 10.27 (12) | 36.56 ± 18.81 (27) | 35.83 ± 23.38 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.161 | |
| Total | 30.16 ± 23.47 (32) | 27.42 ± 10.44 (36) | 36.45 ± 16.75 (38) | 31.48 ± 17.69 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.280 | |
|
Average Urea (mg/dL) |
MC | 29.24 ± 6.29 (23) | 32.22 ± 11.05 (24) | 40.24 ± 10.49 (11) | 32.56 ± 9.98 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.003 * |
| SC | 54.52 ± 51.50 (9) | 38.65 ± 13.60 (12) | 51.22 ± 24.61 (27) | 48.69 ± 29.42 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.122 | |
| Total | 36.35 ± 29.08 (32) | 34.36 ± 12.16 (36) | 48.04 ± 21.92 (38) | 39.87 ± 22.51 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.272 | |
| Max Creatinine (mg/dL) | MC | 0.974 ± 0.171 (23) | 1.067 ± 0.199 (24) | 1.182 ± 0.322 (11) | 1.052 ± 0.227 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.042 * |
| SC | 1.778 ± 2.270 (9) | 1.104 ± 0.179 (12) | 1.467 ± 1.042 (27) | 1.435 ± 1.239 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.349 | |
| Total | 1.200 ± 1.219 (32) | 1.079 ± 0.191 (36) | 1.384 ± 0.899 (38) | 1.225 ± 0.867 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.276 | |
| Min Creatinine (mg/dL) | MC | 0.852 ± 0.165 (23) | 0.859 ± 0.174 (24) | 0.964 ± 0.186 (11) | 0.876 ± 0.175 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.121 |
| SC | 1.356 ± 1.744 (9) | 0.892 ± 0.183 (12) | 0.999 ± 0.479 (27) | 1.039 ± 0.824 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.321 | |
| Total | 0.994 ± 0.926 (32) | 0.870 ± 0.175 (36) | 0.989 ± 0.413 (38) | 0.950 ± 0.572 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.258 | |
| Average Creatinine (mg/dL) | MC | 0.918 ± 0.162 (23) | 0.959 ± 0.178 (24) | 1.071 ± 0.250 (11) | 0.964 ± 0.192 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.068 |
| SC | 1.565 ± 2.020 (9) | 0.987 ± 0.153 (12) | 1.230 ± 0.757 (27) | 1.232 ± 1.026 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.330 | |
| Total | 1.100 ± 1.076 (32) | 0.968 ± 0.169 (36) | 1.184 ± 0.652 (38) | 1.085 ± 0.714 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.274 | |
| Max Sodium (mEq/dL) | MC | 140.5 ± 3.0 (23) | 141.6 ± 3.8 (24) | 140.8 ± 2.9 (11) | 141.0 ± 3.3 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.009 * |
| SC | 138.3 ± 3.8 (9) | 140.3 ± 2.8 (12) | 139.2 ± 3.6 (27) | 139.3 ± 3.5 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.232 | |
| Total | 139.9 ± 3.3 (32) | 141.2 ± 3.5 (36) | 139.7 ± 3.5 (38) | 140.3 ± 3.5 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.881 | |
| Min Sodium (mEq/dL) | MC | 137.8 ± 2.7 (23) | 137.2 ± 4.9 (24) | 136.4 ± 2.8 (11) | 137.3 ± 3.7 (58) | COVID-19 | < 0.001 * |
| SC | 133.2 ± 1.9 (9) | 135.1 ± 4.1 (12) | 134.1 ± 3.7 (27) | 134.2 ± 3.6 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.536 | |
| Total | 136.5 ± 3.2 (32) | 136.5 ± 4.7 (36) | 134.8 ± 3.6 (38) | 135.9 ± 3.9 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.494 | |
| Average Sodium (mEq/dL) | MC | 139.2 ± 2.1 (23) | 139.5 ± 3.9 (24) | 138.5 ± 2.0 (11) | 139.2 ± 3.0 (58) | COVID-19 | < 0.001 * |
| SC | 136.0 ± 2.4 (9) | 137.7 ± 2.1 (12) | 136.8 ± 3.0 (27) | 136.9 ± 2.7 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.277 | |
| Total | 138.3 ± 2.6 (32) | 138.9 ± 3.5 (36) | 137.3 ± 2.9 (38) | 138.1 ± 3.1 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.738 | |
| Max Potassium (mEq/dL) | MC | 4.25 ± 0.47 (23) | 4.34 ± 0.52 (24) | 4.38 ± 0.32 (11) | 4.31 ± 0.46 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.029 * |
| SC | 4.64 ± 0.42 (9) | 4.48 ± 0.36 (12) | 4.49 ± 0.53 (27) | 4.51 ± 0.47 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.487 | |
| Total | 4.36 ± 0.48 (32) | 4.39 ± 0.47 (36) | 4.46 ± 0.48 (38) | 4.40 ± 0.48 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.695 | |
| Min Potassium (mEq/dL) | MC | 3.95 ± 0.50 (23) | 3.75 ± 0.36 (24) | 4.08 ± 0.46 (11) | 3.89 ± 0.45 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.066 |
| SC | 3.80 ± 0.32 (9) | 3.73 ± 0.47 (12) | 3.71 ± 0.46 (27) | 3.73 ± 0.44 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.454 | |
| Total | 3.91 ± 0.45 (32) | 3.74 ± 0.39 (36) | 3.82 ± 0.49 (38) | 3.82 ± 0.45 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.422 | |
| Average Potassium (mEq/dL) | MC | 4.10 ± 0.46 (23) | 4.02 ± 0.39 (24) | 4.22 ± 0.39 (11) | 4.09 ± 0.42 (58) | COVID-19 | 0.653 |
| SC | 4.22 ± 0.30 (9) | 4.09 ± 0.30 (12) | 4.11 ± 0.45 (27) | 4.13 ± 0.39 (48) | Periodontitis | 0.501 | |
| Total | 4.14 ± 0.42 (32) | 4.05 ± 0.36 (36) | 4.14 ± 0.43 (38) | 4.11 ± 0.40 (106) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.801 | |
| Average Calcium (mg/dL) | MC | 8.50 ± 0.86 (9) | 8.74 ± 0.84 (6) | 7.90 ± 1.42 (4) | 8.45 ± 0.98 (19) | Number of missing data exceeding analysis threshold | |
| SC | 8.80 ± 0.85 (2) | 7.90 ± 0.67 (6) | 7.77 ± 0.77 (14) | 7.90 ± 0.77 (22) | |||
| Total | 8.55 ± 0.83 (11) | 8.32 ± 0.85 (12) | 7.80 ± 0.90 (18) | 8.15 ± 0.91 (41) | |||
| Average Phosphorous (mg/dL) | MC | 3.34 ± 0.74 (8) | 3.09 ± 0.81 (6) | 3.00 ± 1.01 (3) | 3.19 ± 0.77 (17) | Number of missing data exceeding analysis threshold | |
| SC | 4.35 ± 1.91 (2) | 3.76 ± 1.27 (5) | 2.95 ± 1.12 (11) | 3.33 ± 1.27 (18) | |||
| Total | 3.54 ± 1.01 (10) | 3.40 ± 1.05 (11) | 2.96 ± 1.06 (14) | 3.26 ± 1.04 (35) | |||
| Average Magnesium (mg/dL) | MC | 1.76 ± 0.12 (6) | 1.98 ± 0.13 (5) | 2.13 ± 0.32 (3) | 1.92 ± 0.23 (14) | Number of missing data exceeding analysis threshold | |
| SC | 2.45 ± 0.64 (2) | 1.88 ± 0.30 (4) | 2.09 ± 0.70 (8) | 2.08 ± 0.59 (14) | |||
| Total | 1.93 ± 0.41 (8) | 1.94 ± 0.22 (9) | 2.10 ± 0.61 (11) | 2.00 ± 0.45 (28) | |||
| Liver and Enzymes (patients excluded = 4) | |||||||
| Max AST (IU/L) | MC | 60.7 ± 185.8 (26) | 31.6 ± 19.6 (27) | 39.5 ± 24.0 (11) | 44.8 ± 118.9 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.120 |
| SC | 101.3 ± 193.0 (10) | 37.2 ± 36.5 (13) | 274.8 ± 709.9 (30) | 183.8 ± 547.0 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.131 | |
| Total | 71.9 ± 186.0 (36) | 33.4 ± 25.9 (40) | 211.7 ± 613.7 (41) | 107.7 ± 382.9 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.660 | |
| Min AST (IU/L) | MC | 36.0 ± 65.3 (26) | 24.5 ± 18.2 (27) | 32.6 ± 21.2 (11) | 30.6 ± 43.9 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.284 |
| SC | 28.9 ± 14.3 (10) | 26.7 ± 17.5 (13) | 192.7 ± 681.6 (30) | 121.1 ± 515.8 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.172 | |
| Total | 34.0 ± 55.7 (36) | 25.2 ± 17.8 (40) | 149.8 ± 584.9 (41) | 71.6 ± 349.8 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.829 | |
| Average AST (IU/L) | MC | 50.1 ± 134.0 (26) | 28.0 ± 17.8 (27) | 36.1 ± 21.9 (11) | 38.3 ± 86.2 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.204 |
| SC | 55.1 ± 69.4 (10) | 31.9 ± 23.1 (13) | 226.8 ± 684.1 (30) | 146.6 ± 520.2 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.155 | |
| Total | 51.5 ± 118.6 (36) | 29.2 ± 19.5 (40) | 175.6 ± 588.8 (41) | 87.4 ± 358.1 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.748 | |
| Max ALT (IU/L) | MC | 53.3 ± 120.0 (26) | 42.9 ± 33.9 (27) | 43.1 ± 30.7 (11) | 47.2 ± 79.8 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.125 |
| SC | 108.3 ± 214.4 (10) | 30.7 ± 21.8 (13) | 211.8 ± 509.8 (30) | 147.8 ± 398.9 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.158 | |
| Total | 68.6 ± 150.8 (36) | 38.9 ± 30.7 (40) | 166.5 ± 440.9 (41) | 92.8 ± 278.1 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.566 | |
| Min ALT (IU/L) | MC | 43.2 ± 77.2 (26) | 32.7 ± 28.9 (27) | 32.0 ± 14.5 (11) | 36.8 ± 52.6 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.218 |
| SC | 58.9 ± 82.2 (10) | 26.2 ± 14.9 (13) | 155.1 ± 461.6 (30) | 105.3 ± 351.3 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.319 | |
| Total | 47.5 ± 77.7 (36) | 30.5 ± 25.2 (40) | 122.0 ± 396.9 (41) | 67.8 ± 240.9 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.731 | |
| Average ALT (IU/L) | MC | 48.6 ± 100.7 (26) | 37.4 ± 29.6 (27) | 36.6 ± 19.9 (11) | 41.8 ± 66.9 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.171 |
| SC | 77.8 ± 128.5 (10) | 28.4 ± 17.9 (13) | 173.7 ± 469.6 (30) | 120.0 ± 360.6 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.203 | |
| Total | 56.7 ± 108.0 (36) | 34.5 ± 26.5 (40) | 137.0 ± 404.7 (41) | 77.2 ± 249.5 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.666 | |
| Max Alkaline Phosphatase (IU/L) | MC | 200.6 ± 51.4 (26) | 242.3 ± 116.1 (27) | 216.9 ± 163.3 (11) | 221.0 ± 105.9 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.255 |
| SC | 260.0 ± 239.5 (10) | 248.5 ± 141.7 (13) | 254.9 ± 136.7 (30) | 254.3 ± 158.1 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.846 | |
| Total | 217.1 ± 131.8 (36) | 244.3 ± 123.2 (40) | 244.7 ± 143.2 (41) | 236.1 ± 132.6 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.735 | |
| Min Alkaline Phosphatase (IU/L) | MC | 196.4 ± 54.6 (26) | 230.9 ± 122.5 (27) | 205.4 ± 162.9 (11) | 212.5 ± 108.9 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.455 |
| SC | 239.2 ± 244.8 (10) | 241.0 ± 147.8 (13) | 219.0 ± 112.2 (30) | 228.2 ± 150.2 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.642 | |
| Total | 208.3 ± 133.8 (36) | 234.2 ± 129.4 (40) | 215.4 ± 125.7 (41) | 219.6 ± 128.9 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.907 | |
| Average Alkaline Phosphatase (IU/L) | MC | 198.6 ± 52.4 (26) | 236.8 ± 118.5 (27) | 211.1 ± 162.5 (11) | 216.9 ± 106.8 (64) | COVID-19 | 0.342 |
| SC | 250.1 ± 241.7 (10) | 243.9 ± 145.3 (13) | 237.0 ± 118.3 (30) | 241.1 ± 151.0 (53) | Periodontitis | 0.751 | |
| Total | 212.9 ± 132.4 (36) | 239.1 ± 126.0 (40) | 230.0 ± 129.9 (41) | 227.9 ± 128.7 (117) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.825 | |
| Average Albumin (g/dL) | MC | 3.52 ± 0.54 (7) | 3.60 ± 0.88 (6) | 3.35 ± 0.35 (2) | 3.53 ± 0.65 (15) | Number of missing data exceeding analysis threshold | |
| SC | 3.13 ± 0.33 (4) | 3.21 ± 0.30 (7) | 2.79 ± 0.58 (14) | 2.96 ± 0.50 (25) | |||
| Total | 3.38 ± 0.50 (11) | 3.39 ± 0.64 (13) | 2.86 ± 0.58 (16) | 3.18 ± 0.62 (40) | |||
| Average Direct Bilirubin (mg/dL) | MC | 0.367 ± 0.306 (3) | 0.285 ± 0.158 (8) | 0.280 ± 0.179 (5) | 0.299 ± 0.184 (16) | Number of missing data exceeding analysis threshold | |
| SC | 0.167 ± 0.058 (3) | 0.680 ± 0.726 (3) | 0.423 ± 0.323 (6) | 0.423 ± 0.424 (13) | |||
| Total | 0.267 ± 0.225 (6) | 0.393 ± 0.396 (11) | 0.358 ± 0.265 (11) | 0.352 ± 0.310 (28) | |||
| Average Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | MC | 0.717 ± 0.340 (3) | 0.612 ± 0.256 (8) | 0.660 ± 0.527 (5) | 0.647 ± 0.349 (16) | Number of missing data exceeding analysis threshold | |
| SC | 0.467 ± 0.115 (3) | 1.320 ± 1.316 (3) | 1.102 ± 0.863 (6) | 0.998 ± 0.876 (13) | |||
| Total | 0.592 ± 0.265 (6) | 0.592 ± 0.265 (11) | 0.901 ± 0.733 (11) | 0.797 ± 0.642 (28) | |||
| Markers | |||||||
| Max LDH (IU/L) | MC | 593.8 ± 526.7 (26) | 442.5 ± 209.1 (24) | 442.8 ± 211.3 (11) | 507.0 ± 381.4 (61) | COVID-19 | 0.003 * |
| SC | 938.4 ± 785.0 (10) | 701.4 ± 327.9 (13) | 689.3 ± 475.2 (29) | 740.2 ± 517.3 (52) | Periodontitis | 0.239 | |
| Total | 689.5 ± 617.4 (36) | 533.5 ± 281.9 (37) | 621.5 ± 431.3 (40) | 614.3 ± 462.0 (113) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.826 | |
| Min LDH (IU/L) | MC | 571.1 ± 537.4 (26) | 401.1 ± 190.5 (24) | 433.7 ± 209.3 (11) | 479.4 ± 384.7 (61) | COVID-19 | 0.035 * |
| SC | 695.1 ± 555.5 (10) | 594.0 ± 215.8 (13) | 629.2 ± 456.1 (29) | 633.1 ± 425.2 (52) | Periodontitis | 0.550 | |
| Total | 605.5 ± 537.4 (36) | 468.9 ± 217.8 (37) | 575.5 ± 410.3 (40) | 550.1 ± 409.3 (113) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.951 | |
| Average LDH (IU/L) | MC | 583.6 ± 530.6 (26) | 422.3 ± 196.2 (24) | 438.3 ± 209.8 (11) | 493.9 ± 381.5 (61) | COVID-19 | 0.010 * |
| SC | 812.0 ± 636.8 (10) | 639.6 ± 224.1 (13) | 657.3 ± 461.8 (29) | 682.6 ± 452.3 (52) | Periodontitis | 0.350 | |
| Total | 647.1 ± 562.2 (36) | 498.6 ± 228.9 (37) | 597.1 ± 417.4 (40) | 580.8 ± 424.3 (113) |
COVID-19 x Periodontitis |
0.985 | |
| Max CK-MB (IU/L) | MC | 85.5 ± 162.9 (14) | 25.4 ± 18.3 (15) | 26.3 ± 7.6 (7) | 48.9 ± 104.3 (36) | Number of missing data exceeding analysis threshold | |
| SC | 24.5 ± 17.7 (2) | 24.4 ± 14.2 (10) | 182.0 ± 730.1 (22) | 126.4 ± 587.4 (34) | |||
| Total | 77.8 ± 153.2 (16) | 25.0 ± 16.5 (25) | 144.4 ± 635.9 (29) | 86.5 ± 414.8 (70) | |||
*Statistically significant
aAll analyses adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities
b“COVID-19” and “Periodontitis” are main effects; “COVID-19 × Periodontitis” is the interaction