Table 2.
Prevalence of Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Burnout among Psychiatrists in Beijing, China
| Depression | Anxiety | Burnout | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, NO. (%) | Participants, NO. (%) | Participants, NO. (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variables | Mild | Moderate to severe | Total, No. (%)[95%CI] | P value | Mild | Moderate to severe | Total, No. (%)[95%CI] | P value | Mild | Moderate to severe | Total, No. (%)[95%CI] | P value | ||||||||||||||||||
| Overall | 137(24.3) | 50(8.9) | 187(33.2)[29.3–37.1] | 116(20.6) | 27(4.8) | 143(25.4)[21.8–29.0] | 160(28.4) | 69(12.2) | 229(40.6)[36.5–44.7] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 54(29.8) | 18(9.9) | 72(39.8)[32.6–47.0] | 0.022 | 45(24.9) | 12(6.6) | 57(31.5)[24.7–38.3] | 0.021 | 53(29.3) | 25(13.8) | 78(43.1)[35.8–50.4] | 0.408 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 83(21.7) | 32(8.4) | 115(30.0)[25.4–34.6] | 71(18.5) | 15(3.9) | 86(22.5)[18.3–26.7] | 107(27.9) | 44(11.5) | 151(39.4)[34.5–44.3] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Age, y | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–35 | 61(23.8) | 19(7.4) | 80(31.3)[25.5–37.0] | 0.149 | 47(18.4) | 11(4.3) | 58(22.7)[17.5–27.8] | 0.403 | 82(32.0) | 40(15.6) | 122(47.7)[41.5–53.8]a | 0.008 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 36–45 | 40(21.1) | 19(10.0) | 59(31.1)[24.4–37.7] | 43(22.6) | 9(4.7) | 52(27.4)[21.0-33.8] | 49(25.8) | 18(9.5) | 67(35.3)[28.4–42.1]b | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 46–65 | 36(30.5) | 12(10.2) | 48(40.7)[31.7–49.7] | 26(22.0) | 7(5.9) | 33(28.0)[19.7–36.2] | 29(24.6) | 11(9.3) | 40(33.9)[25.2–42.6]b | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Married | 98(23.8) | 36(8.7) | 134(32.5)[28.0-37.1] | 0.600 | 87(21.1) | 19(4.6) | 106(25.7)[21.5–30.0] | 0.737 | 118(28.6) | 44(10.7) | 162(39.3)[34.6–44.1]250 | 0.307 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unmarried or Divorced | 39(25.7) | 14(9.2) | 53(34.9)[27.2–42.5] | 29(19.1) | 8(5.3) | 37(24.3)[17.4–31.2] | 42(27.6) | 25(16.4) | 67(44.1)[36.1–52.1] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Having children or not | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No | 55(25.7) | 18(8.4) | 73(34.1)[27.7–40.5] | 0.706 | 35(16.4) | 9(4.2) | 44(20.6)[15.1–26.0] | 0.041 | 71(33.2) | 33(15.4) | 104(48.6)[41.8–55.3] | 0.003 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 82(23.4) | 32(9.1) | 114(32.6)[27.6–37.5] | 81(23.1) | 18(5.1) | 99(28.3)[23.5–33.0] | 89(25.4) | 36(10.3) | 125(35.7)[30.7–40.8] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Educational level | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bachelor degree or below | 92(28.6) | 30(9.3) | 122(37.9)[32.6–43.2]a | 0.022 | 72(22.4) | 16(5.0) | 88(27.3)[22.4–32.2] | 0.460 | 92(28.6) | 41(12.7) | 133(41.3)[35.9–46.7] | 0.401 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Master degree | 33(18.9) | 15(8.6) | 48(27.4)[20.8–34.1]a | 33(18.9) | 7(4.0) | 40(22.9)[16.6–29.1] | 46(26.3) | 19(10.9) | 65(37.1)[29.9–44.4] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Doctoral degree | 12(17.9) | 5(7.5) | 17(25.4)[14.7–36.1]a | 11(16.4) | 4(6.0) | 15(22.4)[12.1–32.6] | 22(32.8) | 9(13.4) | 31(46.3)[34.0-58.5] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual income, $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 14,360 | 53(33.8) | 17(10.8) | 70(44.6)[36.7–52.4]a | 0.001 | 42(26.8) | 9(5.7) | 51(32.5)[25.1–39.9]a | 0.032 | 51(32.5) | 29(18.5) | 80(51.0)[43.0-58.9]a | 0.006 | ||||||||||||||||||
| > 14,360 ≤ 43,080 | 66(19.3) | 27(7.9) | 93(27.2)[22.5–31.9]b | 60(17.5) | 14(4.1) | 74(21.6)[17.3–26.0]b | 93(27.2) | 35(10.2) | 128(37.4)[32.3–42.6]b | |||||||||||||||||||||
| > 43,080 | 18(27.7) | 6(9.2) | 24(36.9)[24.9–49.0]ab | 14(21.5) | 4(6.2) | 18(27.7)[16.5–38.9]ab | 16(24.6) | 5(7.7) | 21(32.3)[20.6–44.0]b | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional title | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary title | 61(26.8) | 20(8.8) | 81(35.5)[29.3–41.8] | 0.173 | 44(19.3) | 13(5.7) | 57(25.0)[19.3–30.7] | 0.985 | 81(35.5) | 38(16.7) | 119(52.2)[45.7–58.7]a | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Intermediate title | 38(18.8) | 19(9.4) | 57(28.2)[22.0-34.5] | 43(21.3) | 9(4.5) | 52(25.7)[19.7–31.8] | 42(20.8) | 21(10.4) | 63(31.2)[24.7–37.6]b | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior title | 38(28.4) | 11(8.2) | 49(36.6)[28.3–44.8] | 29(21.6) | 5(3.7) | 34(25.4)[17.9–32.8] | 37(27.6) | 10(7.5) | 47(35.1)[26.9–43.3]b | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Category of medical institution | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psychiatric hospital | 113(25.5) | 42(9.5) | 155(34.9)[30.5–39.4] | 0.089 | 100(22.5) | 21(4.7) | 121(27.3)[23.1–31.5] | 0.046 | 131(29.5) | 56(12.6) | 187(42.1)[37.5–46.7] | 0.159 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other medical institutions | 24(20.0) | 8(6.7) | 32(26.7)[18.6–34.7] | 16(13.3) | 6(5.0) | 22(18.3)[11.3–25.4] | 29(24.2) | 13(10.8) | 42(35.0)[26.3–43.7] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Level of medical institution | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary medical institutions | 7(15.2) | 3(6.5) | 10(21.7)[9.4–34.1]a | 0.009 | 4(8.7) | 2(4.3) | 6(13.0)[2.9–23.2]a | 0.043 | 11(23.9) | 3(6.5) | 14(30.4)[16.6–44.2] | 0.341 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary hospital | 56(32.9) | 15(8.8) | 71(41.8)[34.3–49.3]b | 47(26.7) | 5(2.9) | 52(30.6)[23.6–37.6]a | 50(29.4) | 21(12.4) | 71(41.8)[34.3–49.3] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Tertiary hospital | 74(21.3) | 32(9.2) | 106(30.5)[25.6–35.3]a | 65(18.7) | 20(5.7) | 85(24.4)[19.9–29.0]a | 99(28.4) | 45(12.9) | 144(41.4)[36.2–46.6] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Working years in psychiatry, y | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 10 | 67(22.6) | 20(6.8) | 87(29.4)[24.2–34.6] | 0.046 | 51(17.2) | 15(5.1) | 66(22.3)[17.5–27.1] | 0.079 | 96(34.2) | 41(13.9) | 137(46.3)[40.6–52.0] | 0.004 | ||||||||||||||||||
| > 10 | 70(26.1) | 30(11.2) | 100(37.3)[31.5–43.1] | 65 (24.3) | 12(4.5) | 77(28.7)[23.3–34.2] | 64(23.9) | 28(10.4) | 92(34.3)[28.6–40.0] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Working days per week, d | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 5 | 106(24.9) | 33(7.7) | 139(32.6)[28.2–37.1] | 0.640 | 86(20.2) | 19(4.5) | 105(24.6)[20.5–28.8] | 0.498 | 129(30.3) | 48(11.3) | 177(41.5)[36.9–46.2] | 0.421 | ||||||||||||||||||
| > 5 | 31(22.5) | 17(12.3) | 48(34.8)[26.7–42.8] | 30(21.7) | 8(5.8) | 38(27.5)[20.0-35.1] | 31(22.5) | 21(15.2) | 52(37.7)[29.5–45.9] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Daily working hours, h | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 8 | 77(23.8) | 23(7.1) | 100(30.9)[25.8–35.9] | 0.179 | 63(19.4) | 9(2.8) | 72(22.2)[17.7–26.8] | 0.047 | 95(29.3) | 26(8.0) | 121(37.3)[32.1–42.6] | 0.067 | ||||||||||||||||||
| > 8 | 60(25.0) | 27(11.3) | 87(36.3)[30.1–42.4] | 53(22.1) | 18(7.5) | 71(29.6)[23.8–35.4] | 65(27.1) | 43(17.9) | 108(45.0)[38.7–51.3] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of beds in charge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 25(19.8) | 11(8.7) | 36(28.6)[20.6–36.6] | 0.387 | 21(16.7) | 8(6.3) | 29(23.0)[15.6–30.5] | 0.774 | 29(23.0) | 13(10.3) | 42(33.3)[25.0-41.7] | 0.073 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1–15 | 49(24.5) | 17(8.5) | 66(33.0)[26.4–39.6] | 41(20.5) | 12(6.0) | 53(26.5)[20.3–32.7] | 60(30.0) | 32(16.0) | 92(46.0)[39.0–53.0] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| > 15 | 63(26.5) | 22(9.2) | 85(35.7)[29.6–41.8] | 54(22.7) | 7(2.9) | 61(25.6)[20.0-31.2] | 71(29.8) | 24(10.1) | 95(39.9)[33.6–46.2] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of outpatients treated in half a day | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 65(29.1) | 20(9.0) | 85(38.1)[31.7–44.5]a | 0.046 | 47(21.1) | 12(5.4) | 59(26.5)[20.6–32.3] | 0.051 | 77(34.5) | 35(15.7) | 112(50.2)[43.6–56.8]a | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1–15 | 25(26.3) | 9(9.5) | 34(35.8)[26.0-45.6]ab | 28(29.5) | 4(4.2) | 32(33.7)[24.0-43.4] | 27(28.4) | 10(10.5) | 37(38.9)[29.0-48.9]ab | |||||||||||||||||||||
| > 15 | 47(19.1) | 21(8.5) | 68(27.6)[22.0-33.3]b | 41(16.7) | 11(4.5) | 52(21.1)[16.0-26.3] | 56(22.8) | 24(9.8) | 80(32.5)[26.6–38.4]b | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Providing psychological counseling or not? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No | 94(23.0) | 35(8.6) | 129(31.5)[27.0-36.1] | 0.186 | 84(20.5) | 16(3.9) | 100(24.4)[20.3–28.6] | 0.422 | 117(28.6) | 49(12.0) | 166(40.6)[35.8–45.4] | 0.990 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 43(27.7) | 15(9.7) | 58(37.4)[29.7–45.1] | 32(20.6) | 11(7.1) | 43(27.7)[20.6–34.9] | 43(27.7) | 20(12.9) | 63(40.6)[32.8–48.5] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forms of attacks that have been suffered | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Never been attacked | 14(27.5) | 1(2.0) | 15(29.4)[16.5–42.4]a | 0.034 | 9(17.6) | 1(2.0) | 10(19.6)[8.3–30.9]ab | 0.035 | 21(41.2) | 4(7.8) | 25(49.0)[34.8–63.2] | 0.184 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Suffered only one form of attack | 54(21.2) | 17(6.7) | 71(27.8)[22.3–33.4]a | 48(18.8) | 8(3.1) | 56(22.0)[16.8–27.1]b | 70(27.5) | 27(10.6) | 97(38.0)[32.0–44.0] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Suffered two forms of attack | 55(25.7) | 26(12.1) | 81(37.9)[31.3–44.4]a | 43(20.1) | 16(7.5) | 59(27.6)[21.5–33.6]ab | 57(26.6) | 27(12.6) | 84(39.3)[32.7–45.8] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Suffered three or more forms of attack | 14(31.8) | 6(13.6) | 20(45.5)[30.1–60.8]a | 16(36.4) | 2(4.5) | 18(40.9)[25.8–56.0]a | 12(27.3) | 11(25.0) | 23(52.3)[36.9–67.6] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Perceived stress | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 82(20.3) | 8(2.0) | 90(22.3)[18.2–26.4] | < 0.001 | 51(12.7) | 0(0.0) | 51(12.7)[9.4–15.9] | < 0.001 | 93(23.1) | 10(2.5) | 103(25.6)[21.3–29.8] | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| High | 55(34.2) | 42(26.1) | 97(60.2)[52.6–67.9] | 65(40.4) | 27(16.8) | 92(57.1)[49.4–64.9] | 67(41.6) | 59(36.6) | 126(78.3)[71.8–84.7] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Social support | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 31(38.8) | 17(21.3) | 48(60.0)[49.0–71.0]a | < 0.001 | 25(31.3) | 12(15.0) | 37(46.3)[35.1–57.4]a | < 0.001 | 31(38.8) | 23(28.7) | 54(67.5)[57.0–78.0]a | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Moderate | 90(23.4) | 33(8.6) | 123(32.0)[27.3–36.7]b | 77(20.1) | 15(3.9) | 92(24.0)[19.7–28.2]b | 110(28.6) | 44(11.5) | 154(40.1)[35.2–45.0]b | |||||||||||||||||||||
| High | 16(16.0) | 0(0.0) | 16(16.0)[8.7–23.3]c | 14(14.0) | 0(0.00) | 14(14.0)[7.1–20.9]b | 19(19.0) | 2(2.0) | 21(21.0)[12.9–29.1]c | |||||||||||||||||||||
χ2 tests were used to compare the prevalence of mild-to-severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and burnout in different populations. In variables with three or more classifications, there was no statistically significant difference between the two classifications with the same letters in the upper corner (P ≥ adjusted α Level), and the difference was statistically significant between the two classifications without the same letters in the upper corner (P < adjusted α Level). According to the Bonferroni method, the adjusted α Level was 0.05/ (number of comparisons)