Table 2.
Describes the detailed demographic distribution and clinical features among dengue patients in major outbreaks
| 2000 Outbreak (First outbreak) [27] | 2002 Outbreak [21] | 2006–2008 Outbreak (Pediatric cases) [38] | 2008 Outbrak (DHF cases) [65] | 2016 Outbreak [30] | 2018 Outbreak [28] | 2019 Outbreak [29] | 2019 Outbreak (Pediatric cases) [23] | 2019 Outbreak (Non endemic Zone) [39] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (n) | 176 | 100 | 54 | 55 | 40 | 350 | 553 | 190 | 319 |
| Mean age (years) | – | 29 | 6.5 | – | – | 25 | 27 | 8.8 | 33 |
| Age range (years) | All age | 10–70 | Less than 16 | 13 and above | All age | All age | 3–85 | Less than 15 | 18 and above |
| Gender distribution (%) | |||||||||
| Male | – | 73 | 50 | 84 | 62 | 68 | 63 | 55 | 70 |
| Female | – | 27 | 50 | 16 | 38 | 32 | 37 | 45 | 30 |
| Common symptoms (%) | |||||||||
| Fever | 100 | 100 | 63a | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 92 |
| Headache | 91 | 96 | 31 | 32 | 25 | 61 | 62 | 68 | 73 |
| Arthralgia/ Joint pain | 85 | 91 | 18 | 09 | 73 | 23 | 04 | 49 | – |
| Rash | 55 | 28 | 76 | 12 | 6 | 04 | 28 | 16 | |
| Retro-orbital pain | – | – | 15 | – | 50 | 20 | 39 | 34 | 47 |
| Myalgia/body ache | – | – | 46 | 45 | 12 | 44 | – | 37 | 71 |
| Sore throat/Mouth sore | – | – | – | – | – | – | 01 | 28 | – |
| Lethargy | – | – | – | – | 30 | – | – | 78 | – |
| GI symptoms (%) | |||||||||
| Vomiting | 64 | 93 | 57 | 40 | 27 | 69 | 80 | 34 | |
| Abdominal pain | – | 83 | 59 | 02 | 30 | 32 | 86 | 65 | 30 |
| Diarrhoea | – | – | 09 | 04 | 25 | 05 | 26 | 43 | 43 |
| Constipation | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 73 | 04 |
| Anorexia | – | – | – | 05 | – | – | – | 79 | – |
| Bleeding symptoms (%) | |||||||||
| Malena | 20 | 50 | 15 | 11 | 07 | – | 05 | 06 | 12 |
| Gum bleeding | 11 | 41 | 13 | 18 | 03 | 08 | |||
| Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage | – | 17 | 33 | 16 | 20 | – | – | – | 09 |
| Epistaxis | – | 02 | – | 02 | – | – | 01 | 06 | 02 |
| Signs of plasma leakage (%) | |||||||||
| Hypotension | – | – | 11 | 71 | – | – | 25 | – | – |
| Oedema | 07 | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | 09 | 01 | |
| Pleural effusion | 13 | 28 | – | – | – | 02 | – | 02 | |
| Ascites | 09 | – | 15 | – | – | – | 02 | – | 01 |
| Oliguria/Anuria | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 21 | |
| Atypical manifestations (%) | |||||||||
| Hepatomegaly | 07 | – | 31 | – | – | – | 01 | – | 07 |
| Splenomegaly | – | – | 03 | – | – | – | 0.5 | – | – |
| Eye redness | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – | – |
| Respiratory distress | – | – | – | – | – | – | 04 | 13 | 02 |
| Cough | – | – | 04 | – | – | – | 05 | 03 | |
| Convulsion | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | |
| Jaundice | – | 01 | – | – | 12 | – | 01 | – | – |
| Excessive sweating | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 40 | |
| Confusion | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 21 | – |
| Blurring of vision | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – |
| Palpitation | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 08 | – |
| Impaired consciousness | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 20 | – |
| Laboratory abnormalities (%) | |||||||||
| Low Haemoglobin | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | 38 | – |
| Thrombocytopenia | 57 | 86 | 69 | 100 | – | – | 66 | 87 | 30 |
| Leukopenia | – | – | 09 | – | – | – | 29 | 40 | 63 |
| Elevated haematocrit | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | 23 |
| Raised Bilirubin | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | – |
| Raised AST | – | – | – | – | – | – | 67 | – | 05 |
| Raised ALT | – | – | 41 | – | – | – | 50 | – | 12 |
Data are presented as n (%) unless stated otherwise
a Fever > 5 days
b > 20% from baseline
ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase