Table 5.
Summary of mean thermal and acoustic properties of human ocular tissues.
| Structure | Acoustic impedance, (MRayl) | Density, (g/cm3) | Attenuation, (dB cm-1 MHz-1) | Speed of sound, (m/s) | Thermal conductivity (W/mK) |
Specific Heat (J/kgK) | Ref.* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitreous Humour | 1.54±0.04 | 1.01 | 0.01 | 1532 | 0.60 | 3999 | 24, 192 |
| Retina | 1.57±0.01 | 0.97±0.03 | 3.56±1.21 | 1618±58 | 0.57 | 3680 | 24, 193 |
| Sclera | 1.67±0.06 | 1.03±0.04 | 11.7±2.99 | 1618±46 | 0.58 | 4178 | 24, 193 |
| Corneal epithelium | 1.60 | 1.01 | 0.78 | 1586 | 0.58 | 4178 | 24, 194 |
| Corneal stroma | 1.63±0.05 | 0.98 | 3.9±2.8 | 1651±37 | |||
| Lens | 1.73±0.03 | 1.06 | 1.38 | 1637 | 0.4 | 3000 | 24, 169 |
| Ciliary muscle | 1.58±0.02 | 0.98±0.03 | 6.05±1.56 | 1610±52 | Unknown | 193 | |
| Trabecular meshwork | 1.64±0.05 | 1.02±0.02 | 10.53±3.01 | 1600±52 | Unknown | 193 | |
| Optic nerve | 1.57±0.02 | 0.98±0.03 | 3.99±1.27 | 1611±57 | 0.53 | 3750 | 24, 193 |
| Choroid | 1.59±0.02 | 0.99±0.04 | 6.95±2.08 | 1612±63 | 0.6 | 3840 | 24, 193 |
| Water | 1.48 | 1.00 | 0.0025 | 1480 | 0.6 | 4182 | 195 |
*Where referenced studies disagree on thermal and acoustic ocular properties, only the most recently published results have been shown.