Table 9.
Summary of ultrasound delivery assessments and quantification methods according to the route of delivery.
| Route of ultrasound delivery | Method to assess successful delivery | Method to quantify delivered molecule | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. | In vivo | Ex vivo | Trans-topical | Direct injection into target tissue | BRB | V/VR | Plasmid expression | Fluorescent dyes | Fluorescently labelled dextrans | Fluorescently labelled nanoparticles | MRI | Drug delivery | Therapeutic outcome in disease model | Intracellular protein dynamics | Electrophysiology | Spectrophotometry | Quantitative microscopy | Flow cytometry | RT-PCR | Western blot | ELISA | MRI intensity | f-VEP | Qualitative scoring |
| 69 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 62 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 60 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 36 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ |
| 37 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ |
| 64 | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 82 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 75 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| 38 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 77 | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| 76 | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 33 | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 61 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 28 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 154 | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 66 | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - |
| 65 | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 34 | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ |
| 71 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 70 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 39 | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 44 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| 16 | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 74 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 49 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 83 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 35 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ |
| 73 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 46 | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ |
| 17 | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - |
| 72 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 40 | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 41 | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 45 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 42 | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 15 | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - |
| 43 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |