Figure 2.

Development of the fecal metabolome with age in a Chinese cohort. (a) PLS-DA plot of the fecal metabolome in the NB, 4 M, 12 M and mother groups (R2Y = 0.385, Q2 = 0.35). The permutation test (999 times) indicates that the model is not overfitted (R2 = 0.037 Q2 = −0.076). (b) Bubble plot of the total relative content of each metabolic subclass with age. (c-d) Fold changes in lipids (c), and amino acids and peptides (d) in the NB, 4 M and 12 M groups. Fold changes were calculated as the ratio of the relative content of each metabolite between the younger age group and the older age group and converted logarithmically. Red indicates Log₂ FC > 1.0 and FDR < 0.05, blue indicates Log₂ FC < −1.0 and FDR < 0.05, and black indicates no significant difference. (****p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05).