Table 1.
Characteristics of HD patients by serum magnesium quintile.
| Characteristic | Quintile of Serum Magnesium (mmol/L) |
P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | Q1 (0.41–0.83) | Q2 (0.84–1.04) | Q3 (1.05–1.18) | Q4 (1.19–1.45) | Q5 (1.46–2.78) | ||
| No. of patients | 3652 | 194 | 1164 | 1047 | 1059 | 188 | |
| Age, years | 54.3 ± 15.2 | 58.2 ± 15.6 | 56.1 ± 15.7 | 54.2 ± 15.4 | 52.3 ± 14.4 | 52.0 ± 13.2 | <0.001 |
| Male, n(%) | 2196(60.1%) | 121(62.4%) | 700(60.0%) | 664(63.4%) | 606(57.3%) | 105(55.9%) | 0.040 |
| Educational level, n(%) | 1038(28.4%) | 45(23.2%) | 353(30.3%) | 312(29.8%) | 283(26.8%) | 45(23.9%) | 0.066 |
| HD vintages, months | 40.0(19.0,73.0) | 36.0(15.0,73.0) | 37.0(18.0,73.0) | 41.0(20.0,74.0) | 42.0(22.0,73.0) | 49.5(30.0,74.0) | 0.009 |
| Vascular access, AVF, n(%) | 3157(86.4%) | 148(76.3%) | 974(83.5%) | 926(88.4%) | 938(88.7%) | 171(91.0%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n(%) | 821(22.5%) | 39(20.1%) | 241(20.7%) | 263(25.1%) | 232(21.9%) | 46(24.5%) | 0.107 |
| Drinking, n(%) | 173(4.7%) | 12(6.2%) | 52(4.5%) | 50(4.8%) | 56(5.3%) | 3(1.6%) | 0.203 |
| Working, n(%) | 232(6.4%) | 9(4.6%) | 68(5.8%) | 70(6.7%) | 72(6.8%) | 13(6.9%) | 0.707 |
| Living alone, n(%) | 2770(75.8%) | 125(64.4%) | 853(73.2%) | 785(75.0%) | 857(81.1%) | 150(79.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 2827(77.4%) | 143(73.7%) | 894(76.7%) | 814(77.7%) | 834(78.9%) | 142(75.5%) | 0.452 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n(%) | 959(26.3%) | 62(32.0%) | 333(28.6%) | 282(26.9%) | 234(22.1%) | 48(25.5%) | 0.003 |
| CVD, n(%) | 299(8.2%) | 24(12.4%) | 112(9.6%) | 85(8.1%) | 67(6.3%) | 11(5.9%) | 0.008 |
| MAP, mmHg | 98.9 ± 14.1 | 95.9 ± 14.7 | 98.5 ± 14.4 | 99.2 ± 14.0 | 99.2 ± 13.9 | 99.2 ± 13.2 | 0.028 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.8 ± 4.0 | 22.8 ± 5.3 | 22.9 ± 5.3 | 23.0 ± 3.8 | 22.6 ± 4.2 | 22.6 ± 3.5 | 0.255 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 83.1 ± 10.9 | 82.9 ± 11.0 | 84.0 ± 10.8 | 83.5 ± 11.0 | 81.8 ± 10.9 | 82.7 ± 10.9 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 89.6 ± 8.1 | 88.9 ± 8.4 | 90.1 ± 8.1 | 89.8 ± 8.2 | 88.9 ± 7.9 | 90.3 ± 8.2 | 0.002 |
| White blood cell, ×109/L | 6.42 ± 2.12 | 6.41 ± 2.31 | 6.48 ± 2.34 | 6.40 ± 1.98 | 6.40 ± 1.94 | 6.26 ± 2.28 | 0.689 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 108.8 ± 20.4 | 97.3 ± 21.2 | 105.9 ± 20.3 | 110.1 ± 19.6 | 112.0 ± 19.7 | 112.8 ± 22.2 | <0.001 |
| Platelet, ×109/L | 178.0 ± 63.2 | 181.1 ± 66.5 | 174.6 ± 62.9 | 178.0 ± 62.6 | 180.2 ± 63.4 | 183.3 ± 62.6 | 0.172 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | 40.3 ± 4.3 | 37.3 ± 5.2 | 39.8 ± 4.6 | 40.5 ± 4.0 | 41.1 ± 3.9 | 40.7 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 922.6 ± 316.2 | 603.8 ± 315.6 | 814.0 ± 311.6 | 956.1 ± 272.0 | 1036.3 ± 277.7 | 1098.6 ± 323.5 | <0.001 |
| Urid acid, umol/L | 437.1 ± 117.6 | 347.1 ± 142.8 | 404.0 ± 122.3 | 449.4 ± 105.5 | 466.8 ± 100.5 | 500.0 ± 108.4 | <0.001 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.17 ± 0.26 | 2.07 ± 0.29 | 2.15 ± 0.26 | 2.18 ± 0.25 | 2.21 ± 0.25 | 2.21 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 139.1 ± 4.0 | 139.4 ± 4.0 | 139.0 ± 3.9 | 139.1 ± 4.4 | 139.0 ± 4.0 | 138.9 ± 3.4 | 0.616 |
| iPTH, ng/mL | 321.7(150.5,583.3) | 276.5(128.4,470.0) | 307.8(136.8,529.1) | 350.5(173.5,649.5) | 319.9(144.2,593.5) | 326.1(167.9,667.4) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 2.40(1.25,5.93) | 3.69(1.24,12.4) | 2.67(1.39,7.60) | 2.25(1.21,5.50) | 2.14(1.24,4.88) | 1.96(0.76,3.95) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.91 ± 0.96 | 3.79 ± 0.96 | 3.94 ± 1.01 | 3.88 ± 0.94 | 3.94 ± 0.90 | 3.94 ± 1.02 | 0.147 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.49(1.03,2.31) | 1.35(0.93,2.06) | 1.53(1.07,2.37) | 1.49(1.02,2.35) | 1.49(1.04,2.23) | 1.58(1.01,2.42) | 0.057 |
| MMSE | 27.5 ± 3.5 | 26.7 ± 3.8 | 27.2 ± 3.8 | 27.7 ± 3.3 | 27.8 ± 3.3 | 27.1 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
| MCI, n(%) | 995(27.2%) | 76(39.2%) | 344(29.5%) | 259(24.7%) | 260(24.6%) | 56(29.8%) | <0.001 |
Note: P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Values were expressed as mean ± SD, median (25th–75th percentile), or frequency (percentage) as appropriate. Abbreviations: HD: hemodialysis; AVF: arteriovenous fistula; CVD: cerebrovascular disease; MAP,:mean arterial pressure; BMI: body mass index; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; CRP: C-reactive protein; MMSE: mini mental state examination; MCI: mild cognitive impairment.