Table 2.
Sunburns during lifetime or the 6 weeks before or during the interventiona,b.
| Intervention group | Before intervention (combined; n=56), n (%) | During intervention (combined; n=51), n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Placebo | Test | Placebo | Test | ||||
| Participants | 28 (50) | 28 (50) | 26 (51) | 25 (49) | ||||
| Lifetime sunburnsc | N/Ad | N/A | ||||||
|
|
0 | 7 (25) | 7 (25) |
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|
|||
|
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1 | 4 (14) | 7 (25) |
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|
|||
|
|
2-10 | 11 (39) | 11 (39) |
|
|
|||
|
|
>10 | 4 (14) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|||
|
|
Do not know | 2 (7) | 2 (7) |
|
|
|||
| Frequency of sunburn in the past 6 weeks | ||||||||
|
|
Never | 19 (68) | 21 (75) | 21 (81) | 12 (48) | |||
|
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Once | 7 (25) | 4 (14) | 3 (12) | 10 (40) | |||
|
|
2-10 times | 1 (4) | 2 (7) | 1 (4) | 2 (8) | |||
|
|
>10 times | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |||
|
|
Do not know | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | |||
| How many of these were bad sunburns?e | ||||||||
|
|
0 | 5 (62)f | 4 (67)g | 2 (40)h | 10 (77)i | |||
|
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1 | 3 (38)f | 1 (17)g | 2 (40)h | 2 (15)i | |||
|
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2-10 | 0 (0)f | 1 (17)g | 1 (20)h | 1 (8)i | |||
|
|
Do not know | 0 (0)f | 0 (0)g | 0 (0)h | 0 (0)i | |||
aData are shown as number (n) of each participant who selected each response and percentage within each intervention group, with data combined from participants enrolled in 1 of 3 pilot studies, who completed the survey before and after 6 weeks of access to either the placebo (SunDial) or test (Sun Safe) apps.
bStatistical comparisons were made between placebo and test interventions using the Fisher exact test (with groups collapsed, as described in Methods section of Multimedia Appendix 1) for the following: lifetime sunburn: RR=0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.4); P=.59; frequency of sunburn (before): RR=0.9 (95% CI 0.6-1.3); P=.77; Frequency of sunburn (during): RR=1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.8); P=.02; bad sunburns (during): RR=0.5 (95% CI 0.1-1.2); P=.27.
cNumber of sunburns to a significant area of skin with pain lasting longer than a day, experienced in a lifetime (asked only at baseline; ie, before intervention).
dN/A: not applicable (as data were only collected at baseline).
eFor those who experienced any sunburn in the past 6 weeks, how many of these were bad sunburns to a significant area of skin, with pain lasting longer than a day?
fn=8.
gn=6.
hn=5.
in=13.