Table 2.
Observational studies examining prevalence of dermatologic conditions in patients with Down syndrome.
| Study | Country | Study setting | Criteria for dermatologic diagnosis | na | Mean age (years), (range) | M/Fb | Comorbidities | RoBc |
| Camacho et al, 2014 [6]d | Spain | Trichology unit of the Department of Dermatology of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital; Jan 2001-Jan 2011 | Focused clinical exam | 15 | 11.2 (7-16) | 8/7 | Hypothyroidism (n=6); celiac disease (n=6); epilepsy (n=1) | Good |
| Camacho et al, 2014 [6] | Spain | Special Education Schools in Seville; March 1, 2011-April 30, 2011 | Focused clinical exam | 57 | 16.7 (2-29) | 34/23 | Hypothyroidism (n=22); celiac disease (n=28) | Good |
| Carter, 1976 [7] | United States | Southbury Training School | Focused clinical exam by investigators, with ancillary testing when necessary | 214 | —e (12-48) | 128/86 | 3 of the 4 patients with vitiligo had AAf | Fair |
| Daneshpazhooh et al, 2007 [8] | Iran | Schools for children with special educational needs and centers in the Karaj and Sharyar provinces in Tehran, Iran, 2002 | — | 100 | 11.2 (3-20) | 47/53 | — | Good |
| Ercis et al, 1996 [9] | Turkey | Hacettepe University Children’s Hospital Clinical Genetics Department; June 1991-Sept 1992 | Focused clinical exam by an expert dermatologist | 71 | 2.8 (0-25) | 41/30 | — | Good |
| Firsowicz et al, 2019 [10] | United States | Children with DSg with ICDh-10 code Q90.0 at Texas Children’s Hospital Dermatology Clinic; May 2001-August 2018 | Retrospective chart review | 243 | — | — | — | Good |
| Gunes Bilgili, 2011 | Turkey | Outpatient pediatric and dermatology clinic | Focused clinical exam | 50 | 2.2 (0-11) | 28/22 | — | Good |
| Rork et al, 2020 [11] | United States | At least 1 outpatient dermatology visit from Jan 1, 2008, to April 1, 2018, with ICD-9/ICD-10 codes 758.0/Q90.0 (DS or trisomy 21) | Retrospective chart review | 101 | 19.7 (0-66) | 62/39 | Hypothyroidism (2 out of 7 AA patients) | Good |
| Schepis et al, 2002 [2] | Italy | Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, consecutively seen 1990-2000 | Focused clinical exam, with ancillary testing where applicable | 203 | 11.7 (—) | 125/78 | Hypothyroidism (n=40) | Good |
| Sureshbabu et al, 2011 [12] | India | Consecutive DS patients recruited from special schools or homes in and around Pondicherry | Focused clinical exam by both a pediatrician and a dermatologist | 95 | 12.0 (0-40) | 59/36 | — | Good |
| Tenenbaum et al, 2012 [13] | Israel | Adults with DS hospitalized at the Hadassah Medical Centers; 1988-2007 | Retrospective chart review | 120 | 36.3 (18-73) | 73/47 | — | Good |
aTotal number of patients with Down syndrome.
bM/F: male/female.
cRoB: risk of bias.
dCamacho et al [6] had 2 separate cohorts of patents with Down syndrome.
eNot available.
fAA: alopecia areata.
gDS: Down syndrome.
hICD: International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.