Table 1 .

Summary of diagnosis and criteria for fundoplication in the included studies

Study	Diagnosis of LPR	Criteria for fundoplicationa
Carroll et al (2016)33	Symptoms of LPR and RSI >13	Diagnosis of LPR Symptoms refractory to at least 3 months high-dose BD PPI Had evidence of reflux with impedance testing No motility disorder on manometry
Catania et al (2007)29	Symptoms consistent with LPR and RSI >19 FNE-proven laryngeal irritation 3 or more episodes of pharyngeal acid reflux or positive deMeester score on distal probe	Diagnosis of LPR Primary aim of surgery was resolution of LPR symptoms
Iqbal et al (2008)22	Diagnosis made by ENT surgeon – criteria not specified	Diagnosis of LPR
Ogut et al (2007)30	Not specified	GORD, RSI >14
Sahin et al (2015)27	Laryngeal symptoms, RSI >13 and RFS >7	Responded to daily PPI therapy Had at least one of heartburn and/or regurgitation
Suzuki et al (2017)34	Laryngeal symptoms	Diagnosis of LPR
Weitzendorfer et al (2017)31	Not specified	Ongoing LPR symptoms despite 6 months of PPI
Westcott et al (2004)32	Not specified	Incomplete clinical response to medication Medication intolerance, reflux-associated cancer or recurrent leucoplakia, reflux-associated subglottic stenosis, or patient desire for operative therapy in lieu of medical management
Zhang et al (2017)22	Laryngeal symptoms and positive pharyngeal pH testing	Diagnosis of LPR

LPR = laryngopharyngeal reflux; BD = twice daily; PPI = proton pump inhibitor; FNE = functional nasoendoscopy; ENT = ear nose and throat (otolaryngology); GORD = gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

^a All patients underwent fundoplication only if there was objective evidence of reflux identified by 24-h ambulatory pH or multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH monitoring or erosive esophagitis