Table 2.
Univariable Cox regression analysis for overall survival
| Overall survival | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Univariable analysis: whole cohort | Univariable analysis: octogenarians subgroup | ||
| OR (95% c.i.) | P | OR (95% c.i.) | P | |
| Preoperative | ||||
| Age Indicator: control; < 80 years |
1.410 (0.935–2.125) | 0.101 | — | — |
| Sex Indicator: female |
1.001 (0.663–1.511) | 0.996 | 0.928 (0.529–1.628) | 0.793 |
| ASA score Indicator: class 1 |
1.326 (0.905–1.945) | 0.148 | 0.993 (0.556–1.774) | 0.981 |
| ECOG performance status Indicator: grade 1 |
1.126 (0.779–1.629) | 0.527 | 1.040 (0.616–1.756) | 0.884 |
| ECOG groups Indicator: grades 0–1 |
1.172 (0.428–3.211) | 0.757 | 1.392 (0.335–5.773) | 0.649 |
| Diabetes Indicator: no |
1.709 (1.118–2.612) | 0.013* | 2.054 (1.154–3.654) | 0.014* |
| COPD Indicator: no |
0.502 (0.158–1.594) | 0.242 | 0.507 (0.070–3.688) | 0.502 |
| Congestive heart failure Indicator: no |
2.776 (0.864–8.914) | 0.086 | 1.862 (0.244–14.208) | 0.549 |
| Myocardial infarction Indicator: no |
1.746 (0.837–3.641) | 0.138 | 1.402 (0.497–3.955) | 0.523 |
| Prior PCI/previous coronary surgery/angina Indicator: no |
1.918 (0.918–4.005) | 0.083 | 1.330 (0.318–5.571) | 0.696 |
| Hypertension Indicator: no |
1.042 (0.667–1.629) | 0.856 | 1.036 (0.572–1.878) | 0.907 |
| Impaired sensorium Indicator: no |
7.052 (0.955–52.057) | 0.055 | NA | NA |
| Dementia Indicator: no |
4.778 (0.654–34.885) | 0.123 | NA | NA |
| Peripheral vascular disease Indicator: no |
1.680 (0.410–6.889) | 0.471 | 0.048 (0–98692.140) | 0.683 |
| TIA / CVA Indicator: no |
2.592 (1.186–5.665) | 0.017* | 1.683 (0.600–4.723) | 0.323 |
| Neurological deficit Indicator: no |
17.073 (2.204–132.244) | 0.007* | NA | NA |
| Connective tissue disease Indicator: no |
0.047 (0–32.697) | 0.361 | 0.046 (0–34.921) | 0.363 |
| Peptic ulcer disease Indicator: no |
0.292 (0.040–2.116) | 0.223 | 6.804 (0.890–52.025) | 0.065 |
| Liver disease Indicator: no |
0.047 (0–8.606) | 0.250 | 0.046 (0–53.310) | 0.393 |
| Hypercoagulability Indicator: no |
2.307 (0.724–7.354) | 0.158 | 1.985 (0.612–6.439) | 0.254 |
| Chronic kidney disease Indicator: stage 1 |
0.996 (0.927–1.069) | 0.902 | 0.988 (0.908–1.075) | 0.780 |
| Biliary stent Indicator: no |
0.813 (0.526–1.256) | 0.350 | 0.485 (0.270–0.872) | 0.016* |
| Steroid use prior to operation Indicator: no |
1.841 (1.011–3.353) | 0.046* | 4.070 (2.020–8.197) | <0.001* |
| Preoperative haemoglobin | 0.952 (0.846–1.071) | 0.414 | 0.852 (0.698–1.042) | 0.118 |
| Preoperative bilirubin | 1.001 (0.999–1.003) | 0.183 | 1.001 (0.999–1.003) | 0.163 |
| Preoperative albumin | 0.668 (0.502–0.890) | 0.006* | 0.482 (0.323–0.718) | <0.001* |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Indicator: no |
1.259 (0.309–5.126) | 0.748 | 1.287 (0.176–9.398) | 0.803 |
| Neoadjuvant radiotherapy Indicator: no |
0.048 (0–29.994) | 0.355 | 0.049 (0–6709.6999) | 0.616 |
| Intraoperative | ||||
| Classical or PPPD Indicator: classical |
0.819 (0.542–1.239) | 0.344 | 0.635 (0.357–1.129) | 0.122 |
| Venous resection Indicator: no |
1.113 (0.687–1.803) | 0.664 | 1.083 (0.563–2.082) | 0.811 |
| Additional organ resection Indicator: no |
0.610 (0.224–1.666) | 0.335 | 0.266 (0.036–1.948) | 0.192 |
| Histopathological | ||||
| pT Indicator: pT1 |
1.408 (0.792–2.502) | 0.244 | 1.452 (0.692–3.048) | 0.324 |
| Lymph node ratio | 8.654 (4.038–18.549) | <0.001* | 16.928 (4.299–66.656) | <0.001* |
| Resection margin Indicator: R0 |
1.790 (1.161–2.762) | 0.008* | 2.291 (1.259–4.171) | 0.007* |
| Perineural invasion Indicator: no |
3.055 (1.239–7.533) | 0.015* | 2.881 (0.698–11.892) | 0.143 |
| Intravascular invasion Indicator: no |
1.960 (1.087–3.532) | 0.025* | 3.353 (1.040–10.808) | 0.043* |
| Postoperative | ||||
| Postoperative complications Indicator: no |
1.125 (0.746–1.696) | 0.575 | 0.933 (0.529–1.644) | 0.810 |
| Clavien–Dindo classification based on higher category recorded Indicator: grade I |
0.989 (0.832–1.175) | 0.897 | 0.926 (0.720–1.191) | 0.551 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy Indicator: yes |
1.763 (1.120–2.775) | 0.014* | 2.052 (1.115–3.775) | 0.021* |
*P values are significant. ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; PPP, pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy; NA, not applicable.