Table 3.
Univariable Cox regression analysis for disease-free survival
| Disease-free survival | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Univariable analysis: whole cohort | Univariable analysis: octogenarians subgroup | ||
| OR (95% c.i.) | P | OR (95% c.i.) | P | |
| Preoperative | ||||
| Age Indicator: control; < 80 years |
1.070 (0.710–1.612) | 0.746 | — | — |
| Sex Indicator: female |
0.931 (0.618–1.404) | 0.735 | 1.202 (0.660–2.191) | 0.548 |
| ASA score Indicator: class 1 |
1.044 (0.720–1.515) | 0.819 | 0.638 (0.347–1.172) | 0.147 |
| ECOG performance status Indicator: grade 1 |
1.086 (0.744–1.586) | 0.668 | 1.160 (0.647–2.078) | 0.618 |
| ECOG groups Indicator: grades 0–1 |
2.217 (0.895–5.491) | 0.085 | 14.351 (3.707–55.552) | <0.001* |
| Diabetes Indicator: no |
1.496 (0.957–2.337) | 0.077 | 1.637 (0.838–3.199) | 0.149 |
| COPD Indicator: no |
0.953 (0.414–2.191) | 0.909 | 0.578 (0.079–4.232) | 0.590 |
| Congestive heart failure Indicator: no |
2.267 (0.710–7.234) | 0.167 | 3.056 (0.384–24.307) | 0.291 |
| Myocardial infarction Indicator: no |
1.539 (0.707–3.349) | 0.277 | 0.960 (0.295–3.125) | 0.946 |
| Prior PCI / previous coronary surgery / angina Indicator: no |
2.346 (1.167–4.717) | 0.017* | 2.071 (0.632–6.787) | 0.229 |
| Hypertension Indicator: no |
1.357 (0.892–2.065) | 0.154 | 1.218 (0.662–2.239) | 0.526 |
| Impaired sensorium Indicator: no |
2.955 (0.408–21.415) | 0.284 | NA | NA |
| Dementia Indicator: no |
19.769 (2.504–156.043) | 0.005* | NA | NA |
| Peripheral vascular disease Indicator: no |
1.485 (0.469–4.708) | 0.501 | 1.724 (0.407–7.291) | 0.459 |
| TIA / CVA Indicator: no |
1.965 (0.853–4.527) | 0.113 | 2.067 (0.731–5.843) | 0.171 |
| Neurological deficit Indicator: no |
0.049 (0–6E + 014) | 0.873 | NA | NA |
| Connective tissue disease Indicator: no |
0.550 (0.076–3.975) | 0.553 | 0.727 (0.098–5.371) | 0.755 |
| Peptic ulcer disease Indicator: no |
0.295 (0.041–2.119) | 0.225 | 0.049 (0–8E + 011) | 0.846 |
| Liver disease Indicator: no |
0.639 (0.157–2.598) | 0.531 | 0.046 (0–43.892) | 0.379 |
| Hypercoagulability Indicator: no |
2.287 (0.835–6.266) | 0.108 | 1.808 (0.556–5.876) | 0.325 |
| Chronic kidney disease Indicator: stage 1 |
1.000 (0.975–1.025) | 0.982 | 0.999 (0.975–1.025) | 0.961 |
| Biliary stent Indicator: no |
1.099 (0.718–1.684) | 0.663 | 0.608 (0.330–1.123) | 0.112 |
| Steroid use prior to operation Indicator: no |
1.030 (0.473–2.245) | 0.940 | 2.722 (1.128–6.569) | 0.026* |
| Preoperative haemoglobin | 0.911 (0.799–1.038) | 0.161 | 0.938 (0.765–1.151) | 0.540 |
| Preoperative bilirubin | 1.001 (0.999–1.002) | 0.568 | 1.000 (0.998–1.003) | 0.736 |
| Preoperative albumin | 0.708 (0.536–0.936) | 0.015* | 0.632 (0.410–0.972) | 0.037* |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Indicator: no |
1.039 (0.256–4.228) | 0.957 | 1.275 (0.174–9.336) | 0.811 |
| Neoadjuvant radiotherapy Indicator: no |
0.457 (0.064–3.287) | 0.437 | 0.048 (0–7921.938) | 0.621 |
| Intraoperative | ||||
| Classical or PPPD Indicator: classical |
0.687 (0.453–1.042) | 0.078 | 0.807 (0.441–1.475) | 0.486 |
| Venous resection Indicator: no |
1.057 (0.652–1.713) | 0.823 | 0.741 (0.341–1.607) | 0.447 |
| Additional organ resection Indicator: no |
0.656 (0.241–1.787) | 0.410 | 0.913 (0.220–3.798) | 0.901 |
| Histopathological | ||||
| pT Indicator: pT1 |
1.431 (0.829–2.473) | 0.199 | 1.130 (0.575–2.221) | 0.722 |
| Lymph node ratio | 7.881 (3.725–16.674) | <0.001* | 20.937 (4.727–92.741) | <0.001* |
| Resection margin Indicator: R0 |
1.733 (1.129–2.660) | 0.012* | 0.807 (0.441–1.475) | 0.486 |
| Perineural invasion Indicator: no |
4.202 (1.541–11.455) | 0.005* | 5.200 (0.714–37.868) | 0.104 |
| Intravascular invasion Indicator: no |
2.599 (1.381–4.890) | 0.003* | 2.334 (0.912–5.973) | 0.077 |
| Postoperative | ||||
| Postoperative complications Indicator: no |
1.288 (0.853–1.944) | 0.228 | 1.201 (0.657–2.196) | 0.552 |
| Clavien–Dindo classification based on higher category recorded Indicator: grade I |
1.143 (0.964–1.355) | 0.124 | 1.162 (0.902–1.497) | 0.245 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy Indicator: yes |
1.090 (0.672–1.767) | 0.727 | 0.791 (0.407–1.540) | 0.491 |
*P values are significant. ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; PPP, pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy; NA, not applicable.