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. 2023 Mar 4;44(4):693–723. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnad005

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 3. — RAGE action in obese- and diabetic-related cancers. RAGE ligands may be released by the tumor mass in response to stressful conditions, such as glycoxidative stress and adipose tissue activation. Once released in the tumor milieu, RAGE ligands facilitate the establishment of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. In addition, RAGE ligands prompt stimulatory effects like cell proliferation, migration, invasion, immuno-evasion and chemoresistance. Abbreviation: ROS, reactive oxygen species.