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. 2023 Jun 27;14:1174120. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1174120

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Copyright © 2023 Shafiei, Jafari-Gharabaghlou, Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid, Alizadeh, Fathi and Zarghami.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A). Apoptosis analysis on HT-29 cell line under treatment (a) control, (b) blank NIOs, (c) blank MNNPs, (d) Silibinin, (e) Silibinin loaded NIOs, (f) Silibinin loaded MNNPs. (B). HT-29 cells treated with pure silibinin and niosomal complexes were evaluated after 48 h by FITC-labeled annexin V/PI flow cytometry. The obtained results confirmed that NIOs loaded with the silibinin significantly increase the apoptosis of HT-29 cells, which emphasizes the increase in the absorption of drugs from NIOs by the cells. This result is consistent with the MTT results. Data were analyzed using Flowjo-V10 analysis software and shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Significance is indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared to the control group.