Table 1.
Study | Age (yr)/gender | Type of vaccine/dose/duration of symptoms onset (day) | Presenting symptoms/troponin T | ECG changes/type of ECG changes | Echocardiogram, EF/cardiac MRI | Management | Outcome (duration of admission/survival) |
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Mouch et al.[11] | 24/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation | Normal, 63%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID + colchicine) | <7 days/Yes |
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20/M | Pfizer BNT/second/<1 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation V2-6 | Normal, 55%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID + colchicine) | <7 days/Yes | |
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29/M | Pfizer BNT/second/2 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation, diffuse PR depression | Normal, 61%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID + colchicine) | <7 days/Yes | |
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45/M | Pfizer BNT/ first/16 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation and depression | Normal, 50%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID + colchicine) | >7 days/Yes | |
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16/M | Pfizer BNT/second/<1 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, 59%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID + colchicine) | <7 days/Yes | |
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17/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain, abdominal pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, NA/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID + colchicine) | <7 days/Yes | |
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Albert et al.[10] | 24/M | Moderna mRNA/second/4 | Chest pain | Yes/sinus tachycardia | Normal, 65%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID); Anti-failure (B-blocker) | NA/Yes |
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Rosner et al.[9] | 28/M | Johnson/ first/5 | Chest pain, shortness of breath/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, 51%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (aspirin); Anti-failure (B-blocker, ACEI) | <7 days/Yes |
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39/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain, shortness of breath/elevated | Yes/PR depression | Reduced, 35%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-failure (B-Blocker, ARB) | <7 days/Yes | |
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39/M | Moderna mRNA/second/4 | Chest pain, shortness of breath/elevated | No/- | Normal, 61%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (IV steroid) | <7 days/Yes | |
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24/M | Pfizer BNT/ first/7 | Chest pain/elevated | No/- | Normal, 53%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen, colchicine) | <7 days/Yes | |
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19/M | Pfizer BNT/second/2 | Chest pain/elevated | No/- | Normal, 55%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen, colchicine) | <7 days/Yes | |
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20/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, 50%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen) | <7 days/Yes | |
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23/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation | Normal, 58%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (colchicine); Anti-failure (B-blocker) | <7 days/Yes | |
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Marshall et al.[8] | 16/M | Pfizer BNT/second/2 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation, AV dissociation | Normal, NA/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID, methylprednisolone, IVIG) | <7 days/Yes |
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19/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation | Normal, NA/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID, colchicine, aspirin) | <7 days/Yes | |
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17/M | Pfizer BNT/second/2 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation, nonspecific T changes | Normal, NA/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID) | <7 days/Yes | |
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18/M | Pfizer BNT/second/2 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, NA/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID, methylprednisolone, IVIG) | <7 days/Yes | |
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17/M | Pfizer BNT/second/4 | Chest pain, shortness of breath/elevated | Yes/nonspecific T changes | Normal, NA/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID, aspirin, methylprednisolone, IVIG) | <7 days/Yes | |
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16/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain, palpation, shortness of breath/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, NA/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (prednisolone, IVIG) | <7 days/Yes | |
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14/M | Pfizer BNT/second/2 | Chest pain, shortness of breath/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Reduced, 47%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID); Anti-failure (furosemide) | <7 days/Yes | |
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McLean et al.[7] | 16/M | Pfizer BNT/second/2 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, 61%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID, IVIG) | <7 days/Yes |
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Muthukumar et al.[6] | 52/M | Moderna mRNA/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/right bundle branch block | Normal, 54%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID); Anti-failure (carvedilol, lisinopril) | <7 days/Yes |
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D’Angelo et al.[5] | 30/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation, nonspecific T changes | Normal, NA/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (aspirin); Anti-failure (bisoprolol, prednisolone) | <7 days/Yes |
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Larson et al.[4] | 22/M | Moderna mRNA/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation | Normal, 50%/suggestive MRI with myocardial LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID, prednisolone) | <7 days/Yes |
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31/M | Moderna mRNA/second/3 | Chest pain, shortness of breath/elevated | No/- | Reduced, 34%/suggestive MRI with myocardial LGE | – | <7 days/Yes | |
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40/M | Pfizer BNT/ first/2 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation | Reduced, 47%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (colchicine, prednisolone) | <7 days/Yes | |
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56/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/nonspecific T changes | Normal, 60%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | – | <7 days/Yes | |
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26/M | Pfizer BNT/second/3 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, 60%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (colchicine) | <7 days/Yes | |
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35/M | Pfizer BNT/second/2 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation | Normal, 50%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID) | <7 days/Yes | |
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21/M | Pfizer BNT/second/4 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/diffuse ST elevation | Normal, 54%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | Anti-inflammatory (NASID) | <7 days/Yes | |
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22/M | Moderna mRNA/second/2 | Chest pain/elevated | Yes/ST elevation | Normal, 53%/suggestive MRI with myocardial oedema and LGE | – | <7 days/Yes |
ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker, AV: atrial ventricle, IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin, Johnson: Johnson & Johnson (Ad.26.COV2.S), LGE: late gadolinium enhancement, M: male, Moderna mRNA: ModernaTX (mRNA-1273), MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, NA: not available, NASID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Pfizer BNT: Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2)