Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated myocarditis.
| Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age group (yr) (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Adolescents (0–17) | 8 (25.0) |
|
| |
| Younger adults (18–54) | 24 (75.0) |
|
| |
| Older adults (≥55) | 0 |
|
| |
| Gender (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Male | 32 (100) |
|
| |
| Female | 0 |
|
| |
| Underlying comorbidities (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Yes | 1 (3.1) |
|
| |
| No | 31 (96.9) |
|
| |
| COVID-19 vaccine (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Type of vaccine | |
|
| |
| Pfizer- BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) | 25 (78.1) |
|
| |
| ModernaTX (mRNA-1273) | 6 (18.8) |
|
| |
| Johnson & Johnson (Ad.26.COV2.S) | 1 (3.1) |
|
| |
| Dose of vaccine | |
|
| |
| First dose | 4 (12.5) |
|
| |
| Second dose | 28 (87.5) |
|
| |
| Duration to develop symptoms after vaccine (h) | |
|
| |
| <24 | 2 (6.3) |
|
| |
| 24–48 | 9 (28.1) |
|
| |
| 49–72 | 12 (40.6) |
|
| |
| >72 | 8 (25.0) |
|
| |
| COVID-19 status (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Negative COVID-19 PCR test | 32 (100) |
|
| |
| Clinical presentation (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Chest Pain | 32 (100) |
|
| |
| Shortness of breath | 7 (21.9) |
|
| |
| Laboratory investigations (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Elevated C-reactive protein | 30 (93.8) |
|
| |
| Elevated troponin T | 32 (100) |
|
| |
| Electrocardiogram (ECG) | |
|
| |
| ECG changes (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Yes | 29 (90.6) |
|
| |
| No | 3 (9.4) |
|
| |
| Type of ECG changes (n=29) | |
|
| |
| ST segment elevation or depression | 20 (69.0) |
|
| |
| PR interval depression | 2 (6.8) |
|
| |
| Sinus tachycardia | 1 (3.5) |
|
| |
| Nonspecific T wave changes | 4 (13.7) |
|
| |
| Bundle branch block | 1 (3.5) |
|
| |
| Atrial ventricle dissociation | 1 (3.5) |
|
| |
| Echocardiogram | |
|
| |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Normal LVEF ≥50% | 28 (87.5) |
|
| |
| Reduced LVEF <50% | 4 (12.5) |
|
| |
| Mean LVEF (%) (n=24)a | 54±7.8 (EF max 65%, min 34%) |
|
| |
| Percutaneous/CT coronary angiogram (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Yes | 11 (34.4) |
|
| |
| No | 21 (65.6) |
|
| |
| Normal coronary angiogram (n=11)b | 11 (100) |
|
| |
| Cardiac MRI (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Evidence of cardiac oedema (epicardial/myocardial) | |
|
| |
| Yes | 30 (93.8) |
|
| |
| No | 2 (6.3) |
|
| |
| Evidence of late gadolinium enhancement | |
|
| |
| Yes | 32 (100) |
|
| |
| Management | |
|
| |
| ICU admission (n=15)c | |
|
| |
| Yes | 3 (20.0) |
|
| |
| No | 12 (80.0) |
|
| |
| Requirement of supplementary oxygen (n=24)d | |
|
| |
| Yes | 4 (16.7) |
|
| |
| No | 20 (83.3) |
|
| |
| Anti-inflammatory drugs (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 23 (71.9) |
|
| |
| Colchicine | 13 (40.6) |
|
| |
| Corticosteroids | 8 (25.0) |
|
| |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 5 (15.6) |
|
| |
| Aspirin | 4 (12.5) |
|
| |
| Anti-failure drugs (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Beta-blocker | 4 (12.5) |
|
| |
| Angiotensin-converter enzyme inhibitor | 2 (6.3) |
|
| |
| Prognosis | |
|
| |
| Duration of admission (day) (n=31) | |
|
| |
| <7 | 30 (96.8) |
|
| |
| ≥8 | 1 (3.2) |
|
| |
| Survival (n=32) | |
|
| |
| Yes | 32 (100) |
a8 subjects were reported as normal LVEF with no quantitative EF stated. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. bAll 11 subjects who underwent coronary angiogram had normal coronary angiogram. cData for 17 subjects were not available. dData for 8 subjects were not available. CT: computed tomography, ICU: intensive care unit, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, PCR: polymerase chain reaction