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. 2023 Jun 27;13:1168651. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168651

Table 6.

Prediction of Heart Failure Event- 2060 subjects (28 events).

  Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis
HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value
Age 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) 0.006
Body mass index 1.06 (1.01, 1.10) 0.011
Medical History
Diabetes 4.8 (2.2, 10.6) <0.001
Hypertension 2.3 (1.1, 4.8) 0.033
Dyslipidemia 3.0 (1.3, 6.7) 0.009
Coronary artery disease 8.6 (2.6, 28.5) <0.001
Prior heart failure 15.4 (4.6, 51.0) <0.001
Chronic kidney disease 3.4 (0.5, 25.3) 0.226
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3.5 (1.1, 11.7) 0.039
Smoking 1.3 (0.8, 1.9) 0.26
Beta blocker 5.1 (2.1, 12.6) <0.001 2.4 (0.9, 6.1) 0.07
ACE-inhibitor 2.5 (1.0, 6.2) 0.045
Angiotensin receptor blocker 1.6 (0.6, 4.6) 0.378
Aldosterone antagonist -- (--, --) --
Statin 2.6 (1.1, 6.2) 0.026
Breast Cancer Characteristics
Cancer stage 0 or 1 Reference
2 0.5 (0.2, 1.4) 0.185
3 1.1 (0.4, 3.1) 0.85
Receptor status Hormone positive, HER2 negative Reference
HER2 positive 0.7 (0.3, 1.7) 0.499
Triple negative 1.4 (0.5, 4.1) 0.566
Cancer Therapy
Use of anthracycline therapy 1.0 (0.5, 2.1) 0.948
Anthracycline dose 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) 0.412
Number of trastuzumab cycles 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) 0.532
Left chest irradiation 1.0 (0.4, 2.6) 0.972
Cardiac Imaging
Baseline imaging (Echo vs. MUGA) 0.9 (0.4, 1.9) 0.787
Baseline LVEF, per 1% increase 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) 0.222
Occurrence of CTRCD 3.6 (1.6, 7.9) 0.002
Follow-up Cardiac Imaging All MUGA Reference
All Echo 1.3 (0.4, 4.7) 0.657
Mixed modality 1.4 (0.3, 7.7) 0.694
None 1.0 (0.3, 3.0) 0.983
HFA-ICOS risk Low Reference
Moderate 3.4 (1.2, 9.7) 0.025 3.2 (1.1, 9.2) 0.032
High or Very high 19.4 (6.8, 55.0) <0.001 16.0 (5.5, 47.1) <0.001

All results are expressed as hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) or frequency (percentage).

For this secondary outcome, the above parameters with univariable P<0.2 underwent stepwise forward selection. The final model includes moderate or “high or very high” HFA-ICOS risk. Other parameters are no longer significant in the multivariable model.

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; MUGA, multi-gated acquisition; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; CTRCD, cancer therapy related cardiac dysfunction; HFA-ICOS, European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association - International Cardio-Oncology Society.