Table 3.

Effects of concomitant anxiolytic use with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia on the development of dementia

Comparisons		Non-anxiolytic use			Anxiolytic use		Adjusted HR (95% CI) for anxiolytic vs. non- anxiolytic use within strata of mental disorders
		Number with outcome	Adjusted HR (95% CI)		Number with outcome	Adjusted HR (95% CI)
Control group		6,601	1.00 (reference)		2,683	2.66 (2.52−2.80)	2.66 (2.52−2.80)
Major depressive disorder		1,009	2.96 (2.73−3.22)		5,767	2.93 (2.34−3.66)	0.99 (0.86−1.14)
Bipolar disorder		372	3.72 (3.29−4.19)		1,159	3.76 (2.76−5.12)	1.01 (0.84−1.22)
Schizophrenia		766	2.94 (2.71−3.19)		891	3.43 (2.68−4.39)	1.17 (0.99−1.37)
Adjusted HR (95% CI) for mental disorder vs. control group within strata of anxiolytic use	Major depressive disorder vs. control group	2.96 (2.73−3.22)			1.10 (0.93−1.31)
	Bipolar disorder vs. control group	3.72 (3.29−4.19)			1.41 (1.09−1.83)
	Schizophrenia vs. control group	2.94 (2.71−3.19)			1.29 (1.06−1.57)

Adjusted HR: hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for age, sex, substance use, anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, traumatic brain injury, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, beta-blocker agents, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, statins and non-statin lipid lowering agents.

CI, confidence interval.