Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without tardive syndrome
| Characteristic | TS (n = 39) | Non-TS (n = 53) | Total (n = 92) | χ2/ ttest | pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.06 | 0.80 | |||
| Male | 13 (33.3) | 19 (35.8) | 32 (34.8) | ||
| Female | 26 (66.7) | 34 (64.2) | 60 (65.2) | ||
| Age (yr) | 54.2 (13.4) | 52.7 (10.28) | 53.4 (11.6) | 0.59 | 0.56 |
| Education (yr) | 11.21 (4.69) | 11.96 (3.84) | 11.54 (4.21) | −0.85 | 0.40 |
| Education | 2.60 | 0.27 | |||
| Under elementary school | 8 (20.5) | 5 (9.4) | 13 (14.1) | ||
| High school | 18 (46.2) | 31 (58.5) | 49 (53.3) | ||
| College and above | 13 (33.3) | 17 (32.1) | 30 (32.6) | ||
| Marital status | 0.60 | 0.44 | |||
| Unmarried | 25 (64.1) | 38 (71.7) | 63 (68.5) | ||
| Married | 14 (35.9) | 15 (28.3) | 29 (31.5) | ||
| Unemployment | 27 (69.2) | 33 (62.3) | 60 (65.2) | 0.48 | 0.49 |
| Psychiatric diagnosis | 4.19 | 0.24 | |||
| Delusional disorder | 0 | 2 (3.8) | 2 (2.2) | ||
| Organic delusional disorder | 1 (2.6) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | ||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 1 (2.6) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | ||
| Schizophrenia | 37 (94.9) | 51 (96.2) | 88 (95.7) | ||
| Mood disorder history | 16 (41.0) | 15 (28.3) | 31 (33.7) | 1.63 | 0.20 |
| Substance abuse | 2 (5.1) | 6 (11.3) | 8 (8.7) | 1.09 | 0.30 |
| Antioxidants | 21 (53.8) | 1 (1.9) | 22 (23.9) | 33.3 | < 0.001 |
| Physical illness | 37 (94.9) | 41 (77.4) | 78 (84.8) | 5.34 | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 8 (20.5) | 4 (7.5) | 12 (13.0) | 3.33 | 0.07 |
| Hypertension | 10 (25.6) | 10 (18.9) | 20 (21.7) | 0.61 | 0.44 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 12 (30.8) | 10 (18.9) | 22 (23.9) | 1.75 | 0.19 |
| Hepatitis | 10 (25.6) | 5 (9.4) | 15 (16.3) | 4.33 | 0.04 |
| Electroconvulsive therapy | 10 (25.6) | 4 (7.5) | 14 (15.2) | 5.70 | 0.02 |
| Family history of schizophrenia | 5 (12.8) | 5 (9.4) | 10 (10.9) | 0.27 | 0.61 |
| Family historyof mood disorder | 2 (5.1) | 3 (5.7) | 5 (5.4) | 0.01 | 0.91 |
| History of EPS | 37 (94.9) | 24 (45.3) | 61 (66.3) | 24.73 | < 0.001 |
| Duration of psychiatric disorders (mo) | 293.5 (111.0) | 282.9 (78.3) | 287.4 (93.2) | 0.51 | 0.61 |
| Duration of antipsychotic use (mo) | 268.6 (89.5) | 264.5 (66.5) | 266.3 (76.7) | 0.24 | 0.81 |
| Antipsychotics | 3.21 | 0.07 | |||
| First generation | 1 (2.6) | 7 (13.2) | 8 (8.7) | ||
| Second generation | 38 (97.4) | 46 (86.8) | 84 (91.3) | ||
| Chlorpromazine equivalent doses of antipsychotics | 293.2 (33.3−1,293.8) | 224.3 (18.8−1,250.0) | 253.4 (18.8−1,293.8) | 1.37 | 0.17 |
Values are presented as number (%), mean (standard deviation), or median (range).
TS, tardive syndrome; EPS, extrapyramidal symptoms.