Table 4.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with non-remitted tardive syndrome and remitted tardive syndrome
| Characteristic | Non-remitted TS (n = 10) | Remitted TS (n = 29) | Total (n = 39) | χ2/ttest | pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.07 | 0.80 | |||
| Male | 3 (30.0) | 10 (34.5) | 13 (33.3) | ||
| Female | 7 (70.0) | 19 (65.5) | 26 (66.7) | ||
| Age (yr) | 57.6 (11.5) | 53.0 (13.9) | 54.2 (13.4) | 0.94 | 0.35 |
| Education (yr) | 9.9 (4.7) | 11.7 (4.7) | 11.21 (4.7) | −1.02 | 0.31 |
| Education | 3.32 | 0.19 | |||
| Under elementary school | 4 (40.0) | 4 (13.8) | 8 (20.5) | ||
| High school | 4 (40.0) | 14 (48.3) | 18 (46.2) | ||
| College and above | 2 (20.0) | 11 (37.9) | 13 (33.3) | ||
| Marital status | 0.20 | 0.65 | |||
| Unmarried | 7 (70.0) | 18 (62.1) | 25 (64.1) | ||
| Married | 3 (30.0) | 11 (37.9) | 14 (35.9) | ||
| Unemployment | 9 (90.0) | 18 (62.1) | 27 (69.2) | 2.72 | 0.10 |
| Psychiatric diagnosis | 3.28 | 0.19 | |||
| Organic delusional disorder | 0 | 1 (3.4) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 1 (10.0) | 0 | 1 (2.6) | ||
| Schizophrenia | 9 (90.0) | 28 (96.6) | 37 (94.9) | ||
| Mood disorder history | 5 (50.0) | 11 (37.9) | 16 (41.0) | 0.45 | 0.50 |
| Substance abuse | 0 | 2 (6.9) | 2 (5.1) | 0.73 | 0.39 |
| Antioxidants | 9 (90.0) | 12 (41.4) | 21 (53.8) | 7.07 | 0.008 |
| Vitamin B6 | 9 (90.0) | 9 (31.0) | 18 (46.2) | 10.40 | 0.001 |
| Piracetam | 8 (80.0) | 5 (17.2) | 13 (33.3) | 13.18 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 and Piracetam | 8 (80.0) | 2 (6.9) | 10 (25.6) | 20.84 | < 0.001 |
| Physical illness | 10 (100) | 27 (93.1) | 37 (94.9) | 0.73 | 0.39 |
| Diabetes | 3 (30.0) | 5 (17.2) | 8 (20.5) | 0.74 | 0.39 |
| Hypertension | 2 (20.0) | 8 (27.6) | 10 (25.6) | 0.22 | 0.64 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 4 (40.0) | 8 (27.6) | 12 (30.8) | 0.54 | 0.46 |
| Hepatitis | 1 (10.0) | 9 (31.0) | 10 (25.6) | 1.73 | 0.19 |
| Electroconvulsive therapy | 4 (40.0) | 6 (20.7) | 10 (25.6) | 1.45 | 0.23 |
| Family historyof schizophrenia | 1 (20.0) | 4 (13.8) | 5 (12.8) | 0.10 | 0.76 |
| Family history of mood disorder | 1 (10.0) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (5.1) | 0.66 | 0.42 |
| History of EPS | 10 (100.0) | 27 (93.1) | 37 (94.9) | 0.73 | 0.39 |
| Duration of psychiatric disorders (mo) | 338.4 (91.9) | 278.7 (114.2) | 293.5 (111.0) | 1.51 | 0.14 |
| Duration of antipsychotic use (mo) | 316.8 (87.9) | 252.0 (85.3) | 268.6 (89.5) | 2.06 | 0.047 |
| Antipsychotics | 0.35 | 0.55 | |||
| First generation | 0 | 1 (3.4) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| Second generation | 10 (100.0) | 28 (96.6) | 38 (97.4) | ||
| Antipsychotics changed | 2 (20.0) | 14 (48.3) | 16 (41.0) | 2.46 | 0.12 |
| Chlorpromazine equivalent doses of antipsychotics | 292.7 (50.0−800.0) | 293.4 (33.3−1,293.8) | 293.2 (33.3−1,293.8) | −0.01 | 1.00 |
Values are presented as number (%), mean (standard deviation), or median (range).
TS, tardive syndrome; EPS, extrapyramidal symptoms.