Table 2.
Risk factors of neurogenic pulmonary edema in subarachnoid hemorrhage
| First author | Publication year | Area | Risk factors | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joji Inamasu | 2012 | Japan | Norepinephrine | 1.003 | 1.002–1.007 |
| Eija Junttila | 2013 | Finland | APACHE II score ≥ 20 | 6.17 | 1.30–29.21 |
| IL-6 > 40 pg/mL | 5.62 | 1.26–25.08 | |||
| cTnI > 0.06 μmol/L | 4.24 | 0.97–18.58 | |||
| Etsuko Satoh | 2014 | Japan | Lactate level | 1.04 | 1.00–1.09 |
| Age | 0.9 | 0.83–0.97 | |||
| Glucose level | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | |||
| Wei-Lung Chen | 2016 | China | WFNS class * | 5.8 | 2.6–13.3 |
| Abnormal Q or QS wave | 3.1 | 1.1–9.1 | |||
| nonspecific ST- or T-wave changes | 3 | 1.2–7.5 | |||
| Wei-Lung Chen | 2016 | China | WFNS class * | 4.048 | 1.589–10.311 |
| Total power(ms2) | 0.995 | 0.992–0.998 | |||
| Normalized low-frequency component (nu) | 0.993 | 0.910–0.958 | |||
| Limin Zhang | 2016 | China | corrected QT prolongation | 1.5 | 1.1–2.2 |
| ST depression | 2.3 | 1.0–5.2 | |||
| nonspecific ST or T-wave change | 2.7 | 1.8–4.2 | |||
| Tijana Nastasovic | 2017 | Serbia | Female | 5.253 | 1.14–24.16 |
| Hunt and Hess grade ≥ 3 | 12.593 | 1.27–124.79 | |||
| Hydrocephalus | 8.075 | 1.55–42.06 | |||
| Elevated troponin I | 4.862 | 1.26–18.74 | |||
| Elevated white blood cell count | 21.867 | 4.02–118.75 | |||
| Tatsuki Kimura | 2020 | Japan | WFNS grade 3–5 | 3.73 | 1.02–13.66 |
| VA dissection | 4.83 | 1.50–15.56 |
World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) class (class I, Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] = 15, no motor deficit; class II, GCS = 13- 14, no motor deficit; class III, GCS = 13–14, presence of motor deficit; class IV: GCS = 7–12; class V: GCS = 3–6. * The OR for WFNS class represents the OR for each 1-point increase from low-grade WFNS (I-III) to high-grade WFNS (VI-V)