Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 132 respondents according to the presence of persistent symptoms or signs identified 24 months after the diagnosis or symptom onset of acute COVID-19.
| Characteristics | No symptom (N = 38) | Symptom (N = 94) | Total (N = 132) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days from COVID-19 diagnosis to survey | 820.0 [816.0;821.0] | 819.0 [816.0;823.0] | 819.0 [816.0;823.0] | 0.493 |
| Sex | 0.159 | |||
| Male | 16 (42.1%) | 26 (27.7%) | 42 (31.8%) | |
| Female | 22 (57.9%) | 68 (72.3%) | 90 (68.2%) | |
| Age, median (IQR; years) | 29.5 [23.0;47.0] | 40.0 [25.0;52.0] | 38.0 [24.0;50.5] | 0.097 |
| Age distribution (years) | 0.295 | |||
| 18–29 | 19(50.0%) | 32(34.0%) | 51 (38.6%) | |
| 30–39 | 4 (10.5%) | 15 (16.0%) | 19 (14.4%) | |
| 40–49 | 9 (23.7%) | 18 (19.1%) | 27 (20.5%) | |
| 50–59 | 4 (10.5%) | 19 (20.2%) | 23 (17.4%) | |
| 60–70 | 2 (5.3%) | 10 (10.6%) | 12 (9.1%) | |
| Age (years) | 0.119 | |||
| < 50 | 32 (84.2%) | 65 (69.1%) | 97 (73.5%) | |
| ≥ 50 | 6 (15.8%) | 29 (30.9%) | 35 (26.5%) | |
| Disease severity | 0.002 | |||
| Asymptomatic | 7 (18.4%) | 2 (2.1%) | 9 (6.8%) | |
| Mid | 29 (76.3%) | 73 (77.7%) | 102 (77.3%) | |
| Moderate | 2 (5.3%) | 17 (18.1%) | 19 (14.4%) | |
| Severe | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | |
| Critical | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Disease severity | 0.062 | |||
| < Moderate | 36 (94.7%) | 75 (79.8%) | 111 (84.1%) | |
| ≥ Moderate | 2 (5.3%) | 19 (20.2%) | 21 (15.9%) | |
| Isolation placea | 0.046 | |||
| Secondary or tertiary hospital | 14 (36.8%) | 57 (60.6%) | 71 (53.8%) | |
| Therapeutic living center | 22 (57.9%) | 34 (36.2%) | 56 (42.4%) | |
| Self-home isolation | 2 (5.3%) | 3 (3.2%) | 5 (3.8%) | |
| Oxygen treatment | 0.626 | |||
| Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | |
| No | 38 (100.0%) | 92 (97.9%) | 130 (98.5%) | |
| Newly diagnosed diseases following acute COVID-19 | 0.016 | |||
| Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 16 (17.0%) | 16 (12.1%) | |
| No | 38 (100.0%) | 78 (83.0%) | 116 (87.9%) | |
| Outpatient clinic visits due to long COVID | 0.146 | |||
| Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (8.5%) | 8 (6.1%) | |
| No | 38 (100.0%) | 86 (91.5%) | 124 (93.9%) | |
| COVID-19 vaccination historyb | 1.000 | |||
| Yes | 37 (97.4%) | 90 (95.7%) | 127 (96.2%) | |
| No | 1 (2.6%) | 4 (4.3%) | 5 (3.8%) | |
| Number of COVID-19 vaccination | 1.000 | |||
| < 2 | 2 (5.3%) | 5 (5.3%) | 7 (5.3%) | |
| ≥ 2 | 36 (94.7%) | 89 (94.7%) | 125 (94.7%) | |
| Number of COVID-19 vaccination | 0.454 | |||
| 0 | 1 (2.6%) | 4 (4.3%) | 5 (3.8%) | |
| 1 | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (1.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | |
| 2 | 10 (26.3%) | 26 (27.7%) | 36 (27.3%) | |
| 3 | 18 (47.4%) | 31 (33.0%) | 49 (37.1%) | |
| 4 | 8 (21.1%) | 32 (34.0%) | 40 (30.3%) | |
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, IQR interquartile range.
aIsolation place: the place where patients were quarantined after being diagnosed with COVID-19 for the first time.
bAll respondents had received COVID-19 vaccination following acute COVID-19.