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. 2023 Jul 11;13:11215. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38047-3

Table 3.

Gas–liquid chromatographic analysis of bio rayeb fatty acids content at day one and end of storage.

Treatments Symbol C T1 T2
Type Raw milk Bio rayeb Sig raw milk Bio rayeb Sig Raw milk Bio rayeb Sig
Fatty acids
 SFAs
  Butyric acid C4:0 4.99a 0.23b S 0.47 0.53 NS 0.43 0.63 NS
  Caproic acid (goaty) C6:0 2.09a 0.24b S 1.02 1.06 NS 3.05 1.12 NS
  Caprylic acid C8:0 2.14b 11.3a S 2.31 2.15 NS 2.42 2.81 NS
  Capric acid C10:0 3.96b 29.0a S 8.18 6.74 NS 5.81 10.4 NS
  Undecanoic acid C11:1 11.9a 0.21b S 2.26 0.12 NS 10.9a 0.19b S
  Lauric acid C12:0 1.27b 10.8a S 3.01 2.68 NS 3.16 4.53 NS
  Tridecanoic acid C13:0 1.31 0.53 NS 0.20 0.13 NS 1.84 0.26 NS
  Myristic acid C14:0 4.41 3.19 NS 9.14 8.76 NS 9.00 11.6 NS
  Pentadecanic acid C15:0 0.56 1.69 NS 1.33 1.44 NS 0.76 1.44 NS
  Palmitic acid C16:0 32.1 28.7 NS 27.6 25.7 NS 21.5b 28.8a S
  Heptadecanic acid C17:0 0.85 1.00 NS 1.07 1.07 NS 0.76 1.22 NS
  Stearic acid C18:0 10.5a 3.09b S 12.3a 2.52b S 9.03 3.66 NS
  Arachidic acid C20:0 0.77 0.67 NS 0.34 0.32 NS 0.32 0.18 NS
  Behanic acid C22:0 1.54 ND - 0.32 ND - 0.79 0.17 NS
 PUFA’s
  Myristoleic acid C14:1 0.04 ND - 0.09 0.05 NS 0.14 0.11 NS
  Heptadecanoic acid C17:1 0.15 0.26 NS 0.21 0.37 NS 0.29 0.38 NS
  Linoleic acid C18:2 n-6 1.27b 3.21a S 2.88 3.17 NS 2.90 3.94 NS
  Linolelaidic acid C18:2 t/n-6 0.17 0.21 NS 0.19 0.14 NS 0.24 0.15 NS
  Arachdonic acid C20:4 n-6 0.52 ND - 0.23 0.25 NS 0.04b 0.67a S
  Erucic acid C22:1 n-9 0.22 0.15 NS ND 0.01 - 0.02 ND –
 MUFA’s
  Palmitoleic acid C16:1 n-7 0.89 1.22 NS 1.24 1.99 NS 0.48b 1.93a S
  Oleic acid C18:1 n-9 12.4 18.3 NS 21.0 26.3 NS 22.1 20.2 NS
Summary of the essential fatty acid parameters of fat extracted from Treatments
 SFAs 75.6 90.5 NS 69.4a 53.3b S 69.4 67.0 NS
 UFAs 15.5 23.3 NS 25.7 32.3 NS 25.9 27.4 NS
 MUFAs 13.7 19.9 NS 22.5 28.7 NS 22.8 22.6 NS
 PUFAs 1.82 3.42 NS 3.25 3.57 NS 3.09b 4.77a S
 PUFAs:MUFAs ratio 13.7 17.0 NS 14.5 12.4 NS 13.6b 21.1a S
 UFAs:SFAs ratio 21.2 25.7 NS 37.3b 60.6a S 37.4 41.2 NS

SFAs saturated fatty acids, UFAs unsaturated fatty acids, MUFAs monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids, Sig significance, S significance, NS non-significance, ND non-detected.