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. 2023 Jul 11;14:4096. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39803-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Changes in annual precipitation (ΔP) are calculated as the differences of ten-year (i.e., the last ten years of the 50-year simulation period) annual precipitation between BECCS scenarios and the reference (no land-use change) simulation. a, b Spatial patterns of ΔP for eucalypt (a) and switchgrass (b) cultivation averaged over the three cultivation maps (Fig. S4). c, d Standard deviations (SD) of ΔP over the three cultivation scenarios for eucalypt (c) and switchgrass (d) cultivation. Stippling indicates that changes are statistically significant (according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at the 95% confidence level, p < 0.05) in at least one cultivation map. In (a, b), the upper insets show mean and standard deviations of ΔP over the entire global land area (left, labeled as “All”) and over regions with statistically significant precipitation changes (right, labeled as “Sig”). The lower insets show percentages of the global land area with significant changes detected in one (left) or more than one (right) of the three cultivation maps, with positive changes shaded blue and negative changes shaded red.