Table 1.
Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the current study.
| Antibiotics | Genes conferring resistance (%) |
|---|---|
| Fluoroquinolone Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin |
OqxA (25%), OqxB (34%), qepA (7%), qnrA (5%), qnrB (18%), qnrC (6.5%), qnrD (15%), qnrS (17.6%) |
| Tetracycline Tetracycline, doxycycline, and tigecycline |
tetA (24.8%), tetB (31.6%), tetC (1.8%), tetD (4.2%) |
| Co-trimoxazole Aminoglycosides Gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, and tobramycin |
dfr (33.3%), Sul1 (69.5%), Sul2 (40%), Sul3 (4.5%) ArmA (12.96%), npmA (4.93%), rmtA (1.23%), rmtB (0.61%), rmtCy (1.23%) |
| Beta-lactamases Cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, and aztreonam |
blaTEM-1 (46%), blaTEM-16 (41%), blaTEM-12 (0.9%), blaTEM-24 (0%), blaSHV-1 (19%), blaSHV-5 (10%), blaSHV-27 SHV-11 (24%), blaSHV-12 (29%), blaSHV-28 (0.9%), blaSHV-2a (0%), blaSHV-27 (10%), blaSHV-110 (0.8%), blaCTXM-15 (70%), blaCTXM-3 (8%), blaCTXM-1 (0%), blaCTXM-55 (4%), blaCTXM-27 (5%), blaCTXM-14 (5%), blaCTXM-61 (1%), blaCTXM-9 (1%), blaCTXM-24 (0%), blaMBL (0.5%), blaNDM (0.3%), blaAmpc (8%), blaCMY-2 (67%), porin loss (3%) |
| Fosfomycin | fosA (10), fosA3 (30), fosC (40), fosX (20) |