Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the included rs-fMRI studies.
| Number | Study | Sample size (n) | Sex (m/f) | Age (years ±SD) | MMSE (SD) | Reference space | Group contrasts | Foci (n) | Threshold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALFF/fALFF | |||||||||
| 1 | Yang et al. (2020) | MCI 52 | 26/26 | 68.06 ± 9.32 | 24.52 ± 4.27 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.001 cor |
| HC 55 | 22/23 | 63.41 ± 7.97 | 28.07 ± 2.14 | MCI < HC | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Wang et al. (2019) | MCI 17 | 9/8 | 70.53 ± 4.54 | 24.47 ± 3.88 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.001 cor |
| HC 16 | 8/8 | 68.56 ± 5.76 | 28.25 ± 1.39 | MCI < HC | 1 | ||||
| 3 | Liu et al. (2022) | MCI 114 | 68/46 | 72.35 ± 5.23 | 24.11 ± 1.01 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.001 cor |
| HC 101 | 65/36 | 71.69 ± 4.95 | 28.31 ± 0.97 | MCI < HC | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Zhou et al. (2020) | MCI 24 | 10/14 | 69.8 ± 6.2 | 23.9 ± 3.6 | MNI | MCI > HC | 2 | P < 0.05 cor |
| HC 32 | 14/18 | 67.9 ± 6.4 | 28.0 ± 1.9 | MCI < HC | 1 | ||||
| 5 | Xi et al. (2012) | MCI 18 | 8/10 | 67.39 ± 7.67 | 25.16 ± 3.43 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.001 cor |
| HC 18 | 9/9 | 65.42 ± 5.75 | 28.14 ± 1.84 | MCI < HC | 3 | ||||
| 6 | Wang L. et al. (2021) | MCI 50 | 27/23 | 65.840 ± 11.171 | 26.240 ± 0.960 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.005 cor |
| HC 43 | 21/22 | 65.256 ± 9.691 | 29.093 ± 0.781 | MCI < HC | 2 | ||||
| 7 | Wang et al. (2011) | MCI 16 | 7/9 | 69.38 ± 7.00 | 26.50 ± 1.03 | MNI | MCI > HC | 1 | P < 0.05 cor |
| HC 22 | 7/15 | 66.55 ± 7.67 | 28.59 ± 0.59 | MCI < HC | 4 | ||||
| 8 | Jia et al. (2015) | MCI 7 | 2/6 | 74.1 ± 7.8 | 27.0 ± 2.3 | MNI | MCI > HC | 2 | P < 0.01 cor |
| HC 15 | 8/7 | 70.2 ± 7.1 | 29.2 ± 1.3 | MCI < HC | 0 | ||||
| 9 | Zhuang et al. (2019) | MCI 11 | 7/4 | 71.91 ± 4.39 | 27.64 ± 1.36 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.005 cor |
| HC 10 | 5/5 | 67.80 ± 2.39 | 27.90 ± 1.29 | MCI < HC | 1 | ||||
| ReHo | |||||||||
| 1 | Bai et al. (2008) | MCI 20 | 10/10 | 71.3 ± 3.8 | 27.2 ± 1.6 | MNI | MCI > HC | 1 | P < 0.005 cor |
| HC 20 | 9/11 | 69.4 ± 3.8 | 28.3 ± 1.4 | MCI < HC | 3 | ||||
| 2 | Min et al. (2019) | MCI 10 | 5/10 | 69.8 ± 2.658 | 25.90 ± 0.738 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P=0.006 cor |
| HC 10 | 5/10 | 69.90 ± 2.601 | 29.30 ± 0.823 | MCI < HC | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Wang et al. (2022) | MCI 28 | 4/13 | 68 ± 13 | NA | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.005 cor |
| HC 17 | 9/19 | 68 ± 10 | NA | MCI < HC | 1 | ||||
| 4 | Liu et al. (2021) | MCI 28 | 14/14 | 68.39 ± 4.65 | NA | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.05 cor |
| HC 38 | 18/20 | 68.66 ± 5.09 | NA | MCI < HC | 3 | ||||
| 5 | Liu et al. (2022) | MCI 114 | 68/46 | 72.35 ± 5.23 | 24.11 ± 1.01 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.001 cor |
| HC 101 | 65/36 | 71.69 ± 4.95 | 28.31 ± 0.97 | MCI < HC | 4 | ||||
| 6 | Zhang et al. (2020) | MCI 98 | 39/59 | 73.67 ± 6.78 | 28.42 ± 1.59 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.05 cor |
| HC 64 | 37/27 | 75.75 ± 5.98 | 28.98 ± 1.37 | MCI < HC | 1 | ||||
| 7 | Yuan et al. (2016) | MCI 36 | 19/17 | 66.8 ± 9.5 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | MNI | MCI > HC | 1 | P < 0.001 cor |
| HC 46 | 27/19 | 64.3 ± 7.8 | 28.5 ± 2.0 | MCI < HC | 4 | ||||
| 8 | Wu Y. Q. et al. (2022) | MCI 12 | 6/6 | 64.33 ± 7.01 | 21.42 ± 4.56 | MNI | MCI > HC | 2 | P < 0.01 cor |
| HC 12 | 6/6 | 64.00 ± 6.18 | 27.83 ± 2.52 | MCI < HC | 2 | ||||
| 9 | Zhang et al. (2021) | MCI 28 | 13/15 | 65.71 ± 6.895 | NA | MNI | MCI > HC | 1 | P < 0.005 cor |
| HC 37 | 15/22 | 63.86 ± 8.250 | NA | MCI < HC | 2 | P < 0.001 cor | |||
| 10 | Zhang et al. (2012) | MCI 19 | 10/9 | 76 ± 8 | 27 ± 2 | MNI | MCI > HC | 6 | P < 0.05 cor |
| HC 21 | 12/9 | 70 ± 7 | 29 ± 1 | MCI < HC | 0 | ||||
| 11 | (Liu et al. (2014) | MCI 12 | 1/11 | 59.3 ± 3.3 | 26.4 ± 0.9 | MNI | MCI > HC | 3 | P < 0.01 cor |
| HC 12 | 4/8 | 60.6 ± 5.8 | 29.8 ± 0.4 | MCI < HC | 2 | ||||
| 12 | Zhang et al. (2010) | MCI 48 | 30/18 | 72.04 ± 4.42 | NA | MNI | MCI > HC | 1 | P < 0.01c or |
| HC 36 | 17/19 | 71.64 ± 3.72 | NA | MCI < HC | 9 | ||||
| FC | |||||||||
| 1 | Zhang et al. (2017) | MCI 32 | 14/18 | 68.91 ± 6.76 | 26.66 ± 1.91 | MNI | MCI > HC | 1 | P=0.01 cor |
| HC 40 | 16/24 | 66.35 ± 4.83 | 28.35 ± 1.49 | MCI < HC | 1 | P=0.02 cor | |||
| 2 | Tang et al. (2021) | MCI 25 | 9/16 | 66.92 ± 8.96 | 22.44 ± 2.86 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.05 cor |
| HC 20 | 11/9 | 62.60 ± 6.95 | 27.15 ± 1.35 | MCI < HC | 4 | ||||
| 3 | Zhou et al. (2015) | MCI 27 | 13/14 | 73.8 ± 7.8 | 26.8 ± 1.8 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.05 cor |
| HC 27 | 16/11 | 69.2 ± 6.5 | 28.9 ± 1.0 | MCI < HC | 5 | ||||
| 4 | Munro et al. (2015) | MCI 42 | 30/12 | 74.0 ± 8.4 | 27.4 ± 2.1 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P = 0.03 cor |
| HC 42 | 30/12 | NA | NA | MCI < HC | 6 | ||||
| 5 | Li et al. (2021) | MCI 26 | 8/18 | 64.93 ± 10.11 | 23.73 ± 3.85 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.05 cor |
| HC 36 | 17/19 | 64.22 ± 6.97 | 28.13 ± 2.77 | MCI < HC | 1 | ||||
| 6 | Binnewijzend et al. (2012) | MCI 23 | 15/8 | 71 ± 8 | 27 ± 3 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.005 cor |
| HC 43 | 23/20 | 69 ± 7 | 29 ± 1 | MCI < HC | 3 | ||||
| 7 | Pini et al. (2020) | MCI 18 | 14/4 | 74 ± 7 | 24 ± 3 | MNI | MCI > HC | 0 | P < 0.005 cor |
| HC 38 | 24/14 | 74 ± 5 | 29 ± 1 | MCI < HC | 1 | ||||
rs-fMRI, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; MNI, Montreal Neurologic Institute; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; HCs, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation; ALFF/fALFF, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation/fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; ReHo, regional homogeneity; FC, functional connectivity; MMSE, Mini-mental state examination; ICA, independent component analysis; Seed ROI, seed regions of interest.