Skip to main content
. 2023 Jun 11;15(6):e40273. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40273

Table 5. Area under curve (AUC) under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and optimal cutoff values for the laboratory biomarkers of various COVID-19 severity groups .

Hb, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; RBC, red blood cell; TLC, total leucocyte count; PLT, platelet; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW: red cell distribution width; ANC, absolute neutrophil counts; ALC, absolute lymphocyte counts; AMC, absolute monocyte counts; AEC, absolute eosinophil counts; ABC, absolute basophil counts; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; NMR, neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; ALT/SGPT, alanine aminotransferase/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; AST/SGOT, aspartate aminotransferase/serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; A/G, albumin/globulin; CRP/ALB, C-reactive protein/albumin; Glu-R, serum random glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase

  Asymptomatic-Mild Asymptomatic-Moderate Asymptomatic-Severe Mild-Moderate Mild-Severe Moderate-Severe Non-severe-Severe
  AUC; P Value Cutoff AUC; P Value Cutoff AUC; P Value Cutoff AUC; P Value Cutoff AUC; P Value Cutoff AUC; P Value Cutoff AUC; P Value Cutoff
Age (Years) 0.55; <0.001 >40 0.72; <0.001 >40 0.79; <0.001 >42 0.68; <0.001 >39 0.75; <0.001 >43 0.59; <0.001 >49 0.73; <0.001 >42
Duration (Days) 0.57; <0.001 >9 0.59; <0.001 ≤8 0.51; 0.43 ≤8 0.55; <0.001 ≤8 0.53; <0.001 ≤13 0.56; <0.001 >11 0.53; <0.001 >13
Hb (g/dL) 0.54; <0.001 ≤13.6 0.63; <0.001 ≤13.6 0.64; <0.001 ≤13.1 0.59; <0.001 ≤14.2 0.61; <0.001 ≤13 0.52; 0.16 ≤11.8 0.6; <0.001 ≤13
HCT (%) 0.55; <0.001 ≤43.2 0.65; <0.001 ≤42.2 0.65; <0.001 ≤41.6 0.60; <0.001 ≤42.91 0.6; <0.001 ≤40.12 0.51; 0.33 ≤36.3 0.6; <0.001 ≤40.12
RBC (106/µL) 0.53; <0.001 ≤4.09 0.62; <0.001 ≤4.65 0.63; <0.001 ≤4.59 0.59; <0.001 ≤4.7 0.6; <0.001 ≤4.33 0.52; 0.09 ≤4.09 0.6; <0.001 ≤4.33
TLC (103/µL) 0.56; <0.001 >5.38 0.62; <0.001 >8.41 0.74; <0.001 >8.02 0.66; <0.001 >7.23 0.77; <0.001 >7.73 0.61; <0.001 >7.95 0.74; <0.001 >7.73
PLT (103/µL) 0.55; <0.001 >215 0.55; <0.001 >309 0.53; <0.001 >303 0.59; <0.001 >271 0.58; <0.001 >293 0.51; 0.38 >136 0.56; <0.001 >303
MCV (fL) 0.52; 0.07 ≤92.8 0.53; 0.05 ≤94.6 0.5; 0.8 ≤101 0.51; 0.46 ≤96.9 0.52; 0.1 ≤95.7 0.52; 0.06 ≤96.9 0.51; 0.13 ≤95.7
MCH (pg) 0.51; 0.34 ≤30.8 0.53; 0.02 ≤30.9 0.52; 0.1 ≤28.4 0.52; 0.03 ≤30.06 0.51; 0.25 ≤27.97 0.51; 0.35 ≤30.5 0.51; 0.32 ≤27.96
MCHC (g/dL) 0.52; 0.14 >31.90 0.51; 0.32 ≤30.98 0.54; <0.001 ≤30.75 0.53; 0.01 >31.41 0.56; <0.001 >31.37 0.53; <0.001 ≤32.08 0.55; <0.001 ≤31.52
RDW (%) 0.51; 0.52 ≤14.3 0.5; 0.85 ≤15.7 0.56; <0.001 ≤15 0.50; 0.73 ≤16 0.56; <0.001 ≤14.8 0.56; <0.001 ≤14.5 0.56; <0.001 ≤14.8
Neutrophils (%) 0.56; <0.001 >61 0.87; <0.001 >64.6 0.93; <0.001 >69.2 0.82; <0.001 >64.6 0.89; <0.001 >70.5 0.66; <0.001 >82 0.86; <0.001 >71.7
Lymphocytes (%) 0.55; <0.001 ≤25.5 0.86; <0.001 ≤22.7 0.92; <0.001 ≤20.6 0.82; <0.001 ≤21.2 0.89; <0.001 ≤19 0.66; <0.001 ≤11.9 0.86; <0.001 ≤17.4
Eosinophils (%) 0.63; <0.001 ≤1.5 0.86; <0.001 ≤0.6 0.92; <0.001 ≤0.5 0.77; <0.001 ≤0.6 0.85; <0.001 ≤0.3 0.61; <0.001 ≤0.1 0.82; <0.001 ≤0.3
Monocytes (%) 0.54; <0.001 >7.4 0.62; <0.001 ≤4.7 0.73; <0.001 ≤5 0.64; <0.001 ≤5.2 0.75; <0.001 ≤5 0.61; <0.001 ≤5 0.73; <0.001 ≤5
Basophils (%) 0.57; <0.001 ≤0.8 0.76; <0.001 ≤0.5 0.79; <0.001 ≤0.4 0.70; <0.001 ≤0.4 0.74; <0.001 ≤0.4 0.55; <0.001 ≤0.3 0.72; <0.001 ≤0.4
ANC (103/µL) 0.53; <0.001 ≤2.94 0.74; <0.001 >4.98 0.85; <0.001 >5.17 0.75; <0.001 >4.56 0.84; <0.001 >4.82 0.63; <0.001 >6.03 0.81; <0.001 >4.86
ALC (103/µL) 0.61; <0.001 ≤1.4 0.84; <0.001 ≤1.40 0.89; <0.001 ≤1.27 0.76; <0.001 ≤1.26 0.83; <0.001 ≤1.0 0.62; <0.001 ≤0.9 0.81; <0.001 ≤1.0
AEC (103/µL) 0.65; <0.001 ≤0.07 0.85; <0.001 ≤0.03 0.9; <0.001 ≤0.03 0.74; <0.001 ≤0.03 0.81; <0.001 ≤0.02 0.58; <0.001 ≤0.01 0.79; <0.001 ≤0.01
AMC (103/µL) 0.53; <0.001 >0.27 0.52; 0.14 >0.54 0.54; <0.001 >0.53 0.54; <0.001 >0.54 0.56; <0.001 >0.51 0.52; 0.12 >0.44 0.55; <0.001 >0.51
ABC (103/µL) 0.59; <0.001 ≤0.049 0.7; <0.001 ≤0.049 0.68; <0.001 ≤0.049 0.61; <0.001 ≤0.06 0.59; <0.001 ≤0.039 0.52; 0.19 >0.062 0.59; <0.001 ≤0.039
NLR (Ratio) 0.5; 0.78 ≤1.35 0.87; <0.001 >3.05 0.93; <0.001 >3.25 0.82; <0.001 >3.15 0.89; <0.001 >3.89 0.66; <0.001 >6.80 0.86; <0.001 >3.89
PLR (Ratio) 0.51; 0.6 >203.1 0.79; <0.001 >182.50 0.84; <0.001 >203.06 0.75; <0.001 >195.64 0.81; <0.001 >198.56 0.58; <0.001 >252.67 0.78; <0.001 >207.91
LMR (Ratio) 0.53; 0.03 ≤3.36 0.79; <0.001 ≤3.24 0.85; <0.001 ≤3.1 0.74; <0.001 ≤2.83 0.81; <0.001 ≤3.01 0.61; <0.001 ≤2.10 0.79; <0.001 ≤3.125
SII (Ratio) 0.52; 0.17 >322.72 0.82; <0.001 >632.76 0.88; <0.001 >811.49 0.79; <0.001 >642.43 0.86; <0.001 >810.33 0.62; <0.001 >1172.07 0.83; <0.001 >806.67
NMR (Ratio) 0.52; 0.05 >7.24 0.76; <0.001 >12.24 0.86; <0.001 >12.86 0.75; <0.001 >11.43 0.84; <0.001 >12.10 0.63; <0.001 >16.20 0.81; <0.001 >12.88
TBIL (mg/dL) 0.55; <0.001 ≤0.42 0.61; <0.001 ≤0.5 0.57; <0.001 ≤0.5 0.55; <0.001 ≤0.5 0.52; <0.001 ≤0.5 0.53; <0.001 ≤0.53 0.52; 0.04 ≤0.5
DBIL (mg/dL) 0.52; 0.09 >0.11 0.51; 0.63 >0.19 0.58; <0.001 >0.19 0.52; 0.03 >0.19 0.6; <0.001 >0.19 0.58; <0.001 >0.22 0.59; <0.001 >0.19
IBIL (mg/dL) 0.57; <0.001 ≤0.34 0.67; <0.001 ≤0.32 0.67; <0.001 ≤0.3 0.60; <0.001 ≤0.32 0.6; <0.001 ≤0.3 0.51; 0.47 ≤0.18 0.6; <0.001 ≤0.3
SGPT/ALT (U/L) 0.54; <0.001 >25.1 0.63; <0.001 >73.6 0.63; <0.001 >61.7 0.59; <0.001 >55.3 0.6; <0.001 >46.9 0.5; 0.74 >47 0.59; <0.001 >46.9
SGOT/AST (U/L) 0.56; <0.001 >38.1 0.69; <0.001 >48.7 0.74; <0.001 >44.9 0.63; <0.001 >47.2 0.69; <0.001 >42.9 0.56; <0.001 >57.2 0.68; <0.001 >44.9
TP (g/dL) 0.57; <0.001 ≤6.85 0.74; <0.001 ≤6.61 0.8; <0.001 ≤6.6 0.67; <0.001 ≤6.61 0.74; <0.001 ≤6.45 0.58; <0.001 ≤6.46 0.73; <0.001 ≤6.45
ALP (IU) 0.54; <0.001 >85 0.54; <0.001 >66 0.52; 0.15 >127 0.51; 0.33 >65 0.55; <0.001 >120 0.56; <0.001 >85 0.55; <0.001 >128
Globulin (g/dL) 0.51; 0.39 ≤2.63 0.51; 0.49 ≤2.1 0.52; 0.14 ≤2.49 0.50; 0.94 ≤2.2 0.53; <0.001 ≤2.99 0.53; <0.001 ≤2.57 0.53; <0.001 >2.59
A/G Ratio 0.54; <0.001 ≤1.72 0.67; <0.001 ≤1.60 0.77; <0.001 ≤1.60 0.64; <0.001 ≤1.56 0.74; <0.001 ≤1.5 0.61; <0.001 ≤1.5 0.73; <0.001 ≤1.5
Albumin (g/dL) 0.59; <0.001 ≤4.2 0.82; <0.001 ≤4.1 0.89; <0.001 ≤4 0.75; <0.001 ≤>4 0.84; <0.001 ≤4 0.65; <0.001 ≤3.6 0.82; <0.001 ≤4
Urea (mg/dL) 0.54; <0.001 >27.8 0.79; <0.001 >25.7 0.86; <0.001 >29 0.75; <0.001 >25.7 0.83; <0.001 >31 0.64; <0.001 >40.7 0.81; <0.001 >31
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.52; 0.06 >0.78 0.56; <0.001 >0.93 0.61; <0.001 >0.99 0.54; <0.001 >0.96 0.59; <0.001 >0.96 0.56; <0.001 >0.97 0.59; <0.001 >0.97
Calcium (mg/dL) 0.6; <0.001 ≤9 0.76; <0.001 ≤8.7 0.84; <0.001 ≤8.71 0.67; <0.001 ≤8.7 0.77; <0.001 ≤8.6 0.63; <0.001 ≤8.36 0.76; <0.001 ≤8.71
Phosphorus (mg/dL) 0.59; <0.001 ≤3 0.59; <0.001 ≤3.01 0.55; <0.001 ≤2.8 0.51; 0.36 ≤2.62 0.53; <0.001 ≤3.45 0.54; <0.001 ≤3.45 0.52; 0.04 ≤3.45
Sodium (mmol/L) 0.55; <0.001 ≤138 0.7; <0.001 ≤138 0.67; <0.001 ≤137 0.65; <0.001 ≤138 0.63; <0.001 ≤137 0.5; 0.72 ≤142 0.62; <0.001 ≤137
Potassium (mmol/L) 0.5; 0.95 >3.7 0.59; <0.001 >4.5 0.64; <0.001 >4.5 0.59; <0.001 >4.5 0.64; <0.001 >4.5 0.55; <0.001 >4.7 0.62; <0.001 >4.5
Chloride (mmol/L) 0.54; <0.001 ≤102 0.71; <0.001 ≤102 0.69; <0.001 ≤102 0.67; <0.001 ≤102 0.66; <0.001 ≤102 0.51; 0.69 ≤97 0.64; <0.001 ≤102
Uric Acid (mg/dL) 0.53; 0.01 ≤5.26 0.59; <0.001 ≤4.67 0.52; 0.18 ≤7.18 0.57; <0.001 ≤4.61 0.5; 0.73 ≤7.47 0.56; <0.001 ≤5.75 0.51; 0.38 >6.91
Ferritin (ng/mL) 0.6; <0.001 >190.9 0.82; <0.001 >250.2 0.89; <0.001 >314 0.73; <0.001 >249.7 0.82; <0.001 >307.4 0.63; <0.001 >445.4 0.79; <0.001 >422.5
LDH (U/L) 0.62; <0.001 >239 0.84; <0.001 >264 0.92; <0.001 >314 0.75; <0.001 >310 0.86; <0.001 >24 0.68; <0.001 >479 0.83; <0.001 >324
CRP (U/L) 0.65; <0.001 >0.26 0.91; <0.001 >0.894 0.95; <0.001 >1.25 0.81; <0.001 >1.91 0.9; <0.001 >2.59 0.7; <0.001 >6.40 0.87; <0.001 >2.59
Procalcitonin (ng/mL) 0.6; <0.001 >0.02 0.73; <0.001 >0.02 0.82; <0.001 >0.03 0.64; <0.001 >0.03 0.75; <0.001 >0.04 0.63; <0.001 >0.1 0.73; <0.001 >0.04
IL-6 (pg/mL) 0.67; <0.001 >4 0.78; <0.001 >3.7 0.86; <0.001 >6.2 0.63; <0.001 >4.5 0.75; <0.001 >10.1 0.65; <0.001 >28.6 0.73; <0.001 >10.4
CRP/ALB (Ratio) 0.59; <0.001 >0.06 0.91; <0.001 >0.22 0.96; <0.001 >0.31 0.82; <0.001 >0.43 0.9; <0.001 >0.60 0.71; <0.001 >1.78 0.87; <0.001 >0.62
aPTT (Seconds) 0.51; 0.34 ≤32.1 0.55; <0.001 ≤31.2 0.51; 0.75 ≤38.8 0.54; <0.001 ≤30.8 0.51; 0.66 ≤27.6 0.54; 0.002 ≤35.2 0.51; 0.32 >35.5
D-Dimer (ng/mL) 0.61; <0.001 >86 0.83; <0.001 >113 0.9; <0.001 >176 0.74; <0.001 >148 0.84; <0.001 >185 0.67; <0.001 >349 0.82; <0.001 >199
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) 0.61; <0.001 >322 0.83; <0.001 >362 0.84; <0.001 >372 0.75; <0.001 >380 0.77; <0.001 >397 0.56; <0.001 >424 0.74; <0.001 >397
PT (Seconds) 0.52; 0.15 >11.9 0.51; 0.72 >13.2 0.55; <0.001 >13.2 0.52; 0.1 >13.2 0.57; <0.001 >12.9 0.55; <0.001 >13.9 0.56; <0.001 >12.9
INR (Ratio) 0.53; 0.05 ≤1.02 0.51; 0.66 ≤0.97 0.54; <0.001 ≤1.15 0.51; 0.23 ≤1.13 0.56; <0.001 ≤1.12 0.54; <0.001 ≤1.12 0.56; <0.001 ≤1.12
Glu-R (mg/dL) 0.59; <0.001 >86 0.79; <0.001 >97 0.84; <0.001 >100 0.72; <0.001 >99 0.78; <0.001 >109 0.58; <0.001 >113 0.76; <0.001 >109
HbA1c (%) 0.55; <0.001 >5.87 0.67; <0.001 >5.78 0.71; <0.001 >5.96 0.61; <0.001 >5.57 0.66; <0.001 >5.99 0.56; <0.001 >6 0.64; <0.001 >5.99