Table 9. Inter- and intra-COVID-19 wave comparison as per the outcome of COVID-19.
N, number of patients; IQR, interquartile range; Hb, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; RBC, red blood cell; TLC, total leucocyte count; PLT, platelet; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW: red cell distribution width; ANC, absolute neutrophil counts; ALC, absolute lymphocyte counts; AMC, absolute monocyte counts; AEC, absolute eosinophil counts; ABC, absolute basophil counts; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; NMR, neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; ALT/SGPT, alanine aminotransferase/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; AST/SGOT, aspartate aminotransferase/serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; A/G, albumin/globulin; CRP/ALB, C-reactive protein/albumin; Glu-R, serum random glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
| First Wave (N: 5628) | First Wave | First Wave (N: 1788) | First Wave | Recovered | Expired | |||||||
| Recovered (N: 5509) | Expired (N: 119) | Recovered Versus Expired | Recovered (N: 1446) | Expired (N: 342) | Recovered Versus Expired | First Wave Versus Second Wave | First Wave Versus Second Wave | |||||
| N | Median (IQR) | N | Median (IQR) | Total; P Value | N | Median (IQR) | N | Median (IQR) | Total; P Value | Total; P Value | Total; P Value | |
| Age (Tears) | 5509 | 38 (29-50) | 119 | 62 (16-52) | 5628; <0.001 | 1446 | 46 (33-57) | 342 | 59 (50-69) | 1788; <0.001 | 6955; <0.001 | 6955; 0.13 |
| Duration (Days) | 5509 | 10 (8-12) | 119 | 9 (1-4) | 5628; 0.03 | 1446 | 8 (5-12) | 342 | 9 (5-14) | 1788; 0.21 | 6955; <0.001 | 6955; 0.82 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 5472 | 13.5 (12.1-14.6) | 118 | 11.6 (5-9.5) | 5590; <0.001 | 1432 | 13.1 (11.8-14.4) | 339 | 12.9 (11.4-14.2) | 1771; 0.09 | 6904; <0.001 | 6904; <0.001 |
| HCT (%) | 5472 | 42.4 (38.6-45.8) | 118 | 38.1 (17-31.5) | 5590; <0.001 | 1432 | 41.6 (37.9-45.2) | 339 | 41.3 (37.4-45) | 1771; 0.52 | 6904; <0.001 | 6904; <0.001 |
| RBC (106/µL) | 5472 | 4.7 (4.3-5.1) | 118 | 4.2 (2-3.5) | 5590; <0.001 | 1432 | 4.6 (4.2-5) | 339 | 4.57 (4.1-5) | 1771; 0.07 | 6904; <0.001 | 6904; <0.001 |
| MCV (fL) | 5472 | 90.5 (86.2-94.7) | 118 | 91.6 (67-85.6) | 5590; 0.14 | 1432 | 90.4 (86.4-94.5) | 339 | 91.4 (86.6-96.5) | 1771; 0.01 | 6904; 0.67 | 6904; 0.99 |
| MCH (pg) | 5472 | 28.8 (27.2-30.3) | 118 | 28.3 (18-26.5) | 5590; 0.12 | 1432 | 28.7 (27-30.1) | 339 | 28.7 (27-30.4) | 1771; 0.72 | 6904; 0.1 | 6904; 0.27 |
| MCHC (g/dL) | 5472 | 31.7 (30.9-32.4) | 118 | 30.9 (23-29.9) | 5590; <0.001 | 1432 | 31.5 (30.6-32.3) | 339 | 31.2 (30.3-32) | 1771; <0.001 | 6904; <0.001 | 6904; 0.13 |
| RDW (%) | 5472 | 14.2 (13.4-15.1) | 118 | 15.1 (12-14) | 5590; <0.001 | 1432 | 13.9 (13.3-14.9) | 339 | 14.6 (13.8-15.7) | 1771; <0.001 | 6904; <0.001 | 6904; 0.01 |
| PLT (103/µL) | 5472 | 206 (155-267) | 118 | 197.5 (12-135.8) | 5590; 0.23 | 1432 | 225 (164-312) | 339 | 234 (170.5-319) | 1771; 0.59 | 6904; <0.001 | 6904; <0.001 |
| TLC (103/µL) | 5472 | 5.7 (4.5-7.2) | 118 | 11.4 (2-7) | 5590; <0.001 | 1432 | 7.1 (4.9-10.2) | 339 | 11.3 (8.2-15.4) | 1771; <0.001 | 6904; <0.001 | 6904; 0.84 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 5333 | 56.8 (48.6-65.8) | 116 | 88.2 (54-84.2) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 75.1 (62.3-84.5) | 334 | 88 (82.8-90.7) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.48 |
| ANC (103/µL) | 5333 | 3.1 (2.3-4.4) | 116 | 9.3 (1-6.2) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 5.1 (3-8.3) | 334 | 9.96 (6.8-13.9) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.87 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 5333 | 29.8 (22-36.7) | 116 | 5.6 (1-3.2) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 15.2 (8.1-26.1) | 334 | 5.7 (3.5-9.2) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.89 |
| ALC (103/µL) | 5333 | 1.6 (1.2-2.1) | 116 | 0.6 (0-0.5) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 1 (0.7-1.4) | 334 | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.99 |
| Eosinophils (%) | 5333 | 1.4 (0.5-2.8) | 116 | 0.1 (0-0) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 0.2 (0.1-1) | 334 | 0.1 (0-0.1) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.31 |
| AEC (103/µL) | 5333 | 0.1 (0-0.2) | 116 | 0 (0-0) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 0 (0-0.1) | 334 | 0.006 (0-0) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.32 |
| Monocytes (%) | 5333 | 6.5 (5.2-8) | 116 | 3.6 (1-2.8) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 5.7 (4.2-7.5) | 334 | 4.1 (3.2-5.1) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.05 |
| AMC 103/µL | 5333 | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 116 | 0.4 (0-0.2) | 5449; 0.17 | 1430 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 334 | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.04 |
| Basophils (%) | 5333 | 0.7 (0.4-1.4) | 116 | 0.3 (0-0.2) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 0.4 (0.2-0.6) | 334 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.85 |
| ABC (103/µL) | 5333 | 0 (0-0.1) | 116 | 0 (0-0) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 0 (0-0) | 334 | 0.03 (0-0.1) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.91 |
| NLR (Ratio) | 5333 | 1.9 (1.3-3) | 116 | 15.8 (2-9.2) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 5 (2.4-10.3) | 334 | 15.3 (9.1-25.8) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.83 |
| PLR (Ratio) | 5333 | 127.8 (92.7-182.5) | 116 | 300.8 (28-186.3) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 215.7 (132.4-373.6) | 334 | 357.5 (222.9-579.5) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.12 |
| LMR (Ratio) | 5333 | 4.3 (3.1-5.8) | 116 | 1.6 (0-0.9) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 2.7 (1.6-4.1) | 334 | 1.4 (0.8-2.2) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.23 |
| SII (Ratio) | 5333 | 396.7 (242.1-671) | 116 | 2550.7 (164-1307.2) | 5449; 0.34 | 1430 | 1084 (436.7-2897.3) | 334 | 3415.3 (1731.2-7032.7) | 1764; 0.76 | 6763; 0.28 | 6763; 0.39 |
| NMR (Ratio) | 5333 | 8.5 (6.4-11.5) | 116 | 24.4 (6-16.3) | 5449; <0.001 | 1430 | 12.9 (8.6-19) | 334 | 21.13 (16.3-27.6) | 1764; <0.001 | 6763; <0.001 | 6763; 0.05 |
| TBIL (mg/dL) | 5491 | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) | 119 | 0.6 (0-0.3) | 5610; 0.07 | 1436 | 0.5 (0.4-0.7) | 341 | 0.55 (0.4-0.8) | 1777; <0.001 | 6927; <0.001 | 6927; 0.19 |
| DBIL (mg/dL) | 5495 | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 119 | 0.2 (0-0.2) | 5614; <0.001 | 1436 | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 341 | 0.26 (0.2-0.4) | 1777; <0.001 | 6931; 0.47 | 6931; 0.2 |
| IBIL (mg/dL) | 5491 | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 119 | 0.3 (0-0.2) | 5610; <0.001 | 1436 | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 341 | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 1777; 0.1 | 6927; <0.001 | 6927; 0.15 |
| SGPT/ALT (U/L) | 5494 | 37 (23.5-60) | 119 | 36 (7-25) | 5613; 0.71 | 1436 | 47 (27-83) | 341 | 51 (30-89) | 1777; 0.03 | 6930; <0.001 | 6930; <0.001 |
| SGOT/AST (U/L) | 5495 | 34 (26.4-48.2) | 119 | 53 (11-35) | 5614; <0.001 | 1436 | 43 (30-67) | 341 | 62 (39-101) | 1777; <0.001 | 6931; <0.001 | 6931; 0.22 |
| ALP (IU) | 5494 | 83 (68-104) | 119 | 101 (32-75) | 5613; <0.001 | 1436 | 79 (63-101) | 341 | 93 (70-130) | 1777; <0.001 | 6930; <0.001 | 6930; 0.05 |
| TP (g/dL) | 5495 | 6.8 (6.5-7.2) | 119 | 5.7 (3-5.1) | 5614; <0.001 | 1436 | 6.5 (6.1-6.9) | 341 | 6.2 (5.8-6.6) | 1777; <0.001 | 6931; <0.001 | 6931; <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 5495 | 4.3 (4-4.5) | 119 | 3.2 (2-2.7) | 5614; <0.001 | 1436 | 3.9 (3.6-4.2) | 341 | 3.5 (3.3-3.8) | 1777; <0.001 | 6931; <0.001 | 6931; <0.001 |
| Globulin (g/dL) | 5495 | 2.6 (2.3-2.8) | 119 | 2.5 (1-2.1) | 5614; 0.28 | 1436 | 2.56 (2.3-2.8) | 341 | 2.64 (2.4-3) | 1777; <0.001 | 6931; 0.39 | 6931; 0.03 |
| A/G Ratio | 5495 | 1.7 (1.5-1.8) | 119 | 1.3 (0-1) | 5614; <0.001 | 1436 | 1.53 (1.3-1.7) | 341 | 1.34 (1.2-1.5) | 1777; <0.001 | 6931; <0.001 | 6931; 0.16 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 5475 | 21.4 (15-27.8) | 119 | 68.5 (7-42.8) | 5594; <0.001 | 1435 | 30 (21.4-44.9) | 339 | 60 (44.9-87.9) | 1774; <0.001 | 6910; <0.001 | 6910; 0.43 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 5481 | 0.8 (0.7-0.9) | 119 | 1 (0-0.7) | 5600; <0.001 | 1435 | 0.73 (0.6-0.9) | 340 | 0.9 (0.7-1.4) | 1775; <0.001 | 6916; <0.001 | 6916; 0.04 |
| Uric Acid (mg/dL) | 5479 | 5 (4-6) | 119 | 5.2 (1-3.9) | 5598; 0.02 | 1435 | 4.5 (3.6-5.5) | 340 | 5.4 (4.2-7.5) | 1775; <0.001 | 6914; <0.001 | 6914; 0.85 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 5481 | 9 (8.6-9.3) | 119 | 8.2 (6-7.6) | 5600; <0.001 | 1435 | 8.5 (8.1-8.8) | 340 | 8.2 (7.9-8.6) | 1775; <0.001 | 6916; <0.001 | 6916; 0.87 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5480 | 2.9 (2.5-3.5) | 119 | 3.2 (0-2.7) | 5599; <0.001 | 1434 | 3 (2.5-3.5) | 340 | 3.045 (2.5-3.8) | 1774; 0.02 | 6914; 0.2 | 6914; 0.1 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 5481 | 140 (138-141) | 119 | 138 (109-134.5) | 5600; 0.04 | 1435 | 138 (136-140) | 340 | 139 (135-143) | 1775; <0.001 | 6916; <0.001 | 6916; 0.95 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 5480 | 4.3 (4-4.6) | 119 | 4.6 (3-4.1) | 5599; <0.001 | 1435 | 4.5 (4.1-4.9) | 340 | 4.8 (4.3-5.3) | 1775; <0.001 | 6915; <0.001 | 6915; 0.18 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 5481 | 104 (102-106) | 119 | 103 (78-99) | 5600; 0.29 | 1435 | 102 (99-104) | 340 | 103 (99-107) | 1775; 0.01 | 6916; <0.001 | 6916; 0.27 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 3555 | 158.1 (67.8-354.5) | 114 | 842.5 (46-364.2) | 3669; <0.001 | 699 | 454.9 (163.6-1004.1) | 206 | 1049.5 (591.9-1650) | 905; <0.001 | 4254; <0.001 | 4254; 0.09 |
| LDH (U/L) | 2967 | 251 (212-327) | 102 | 537 (141-356.3) | 3069; <0.001 | 1375 | 333 (248.5-466) | 321 | 656.5 (503.3-874.3) | 1696; <0.001 | 4342; <0.001 | 4342; 0.04 |
| CRP (U/L) | 4215 | 0.4 (0.1-2.2) | 113 | 12.2 (0-4.1) | 4328; <0.001 | 1420 | 2.752 (0.8-7.3) | 335 | 9.371 (5.1-15.7) | 1755; <0.001 | 5635; <0.001 | 5635; 0.35 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 1888 | 0 (0-0.1) | 80 | 0.3 (0-0.1) | 1968; <0.001 | 444 | 0.04 (0-0.1) | 180 | 0.15 (0.1-0.6) | 624; <0.001 | 2332; <0.001 | 2332; 0.02 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2151 | 3.7 (0.9-13.7) | 93 | 57.8 (0-22.1) | 2244; <0.001 | 830 | 9.4 (3.5-25.2) | 281 | 40.3 (14.8-97.2) | 1111; <0.001 | 2981; <0.001 | 2981; 0.05 |
| CRP/ALB (Ratio) | 4213 | 0.1 (0-0.5) | 113 | 3.9 (0-1.5) | 4326; <0.001 | 1414 | 0.75 (0.2-2) | 334 | 2.7 (1.4-4.7) | 1748; <0.001 | 5627; <0.001 | 5627; 0.04 |
| APTT (Seconds) | 3757 | 32.2 (30-34.6) | 107 | 33.5 (17-28.6) | 3864; 0.15 | 1355 | 32.7 (29.9-35.7) | 319 | 32.6 (29.5-36.5) | 1674; 0.59 | 5112; 0.005 | 5112; 0.83 |
| D-Dimer (ng/mL) | 3812 | 111 (64-201) | 104 | 758.5 (141-385) | 3916; <0.001 | 1307 | 214 (131-376) | 313 | 756 (366-2862.3) | 1620; <0.001 | 5119; <0.001 | 5119; 0.69 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 3766 | 324 (274-401) | 108 | 409.5 (110-323.3) | 3874; <0.001 | 1308 | 405 (337-479) | 323 | 439 (364-512) | 1631; <0.001 | 5074; <0.001 | 5074; 0.03 |
| PT (Seconds) | 3838 | 12.2 (11.6-13) | 117 | 13.7 (10-12.5) | 3955; <0.001 | 1348 | 11.6 (11-12.4) | 324 | 12.1 (11.2-13.4) | 1672; <0.001 | 5186; <0.001 | 5186; <0.001 |
| INR (Ratio) | 3831 | 1.1 (1-1.1) | 117 | 1.2 (1-1.1) | 3948; <0.001 | 1348 | 1 (0.9-1.1) | 324 | 1.05 (1-1.2) | 1672; <0.001 | 5179; <0.001 | 5179; <0.001 |
| Glu-R (mg/dL) | 5020 | 91 (79-121) | 98 | 154.5 (31-107.3) | 5118; <0.001 | 1255 | 116 (93-171) | 269 | 170 (122-272) | 1524; <0.001 | 6275; <0.001 | 6275; 0.03 |
| HbA1c (%) | 2393 | 5.7 (5.4-6.3) | 77 | 6.7 (4-6) | 2470; <0.001 | 1151 | 5.7 (5.2-6.5) | 255 | 6.3 (5.7-7.6) | 1406; <0.001 | 3544; <0.001 | 3544; 0.05 |