Table 7.
Toda-yamamoto tests of granger causality.
| Variable | Dependent Variable | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| LRGDP | LRGFDI | LRMA | |
| LRGDP | – | 0.934285 (0.6195) | 8.514521** (0.0142) | 
| LRGFDI | 6.819247** (0.0329) | – | 8.931354** (0.0114) | 
| LRMA | 5.129743* (0.0769) | 0.856011 (0.6617) | – | 
Note: ** and * denote the rejection of null hypothesis at 5% and 10% significance levels respectively. Corresponding p-values are in parentheses.