Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Private Data Sets | Open Data Sets | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Development (n = 451,950) |
Tuning (n = 89,302) |
Internal Validation (n = 27,808) |
External Validation (n = 33,047) |
CODE15 (n = 233,647) |
SaMi-Trop (n = 1631) |
|
| Data source | ||||||
| ED | 101,982 (24.2%) | 42,970 (48.6%) | 6512 (31.2%) | 14,279 (43.5%) | ||
| IPD | 182,450 (43.2%) | 22,939 (25.9%) | 3276 (15.7%) | 6115 (18.6%) | ||
| OPD | 37,974 (9.0%) | 11,004 (12.4%) | 8319 (39.8%) | 8974 (27.4%) | ||
| Unknown | 99,858 (23.6%) | 11,586 (13.1%) | 2792 (13.4%) | 3421 (10.4%) | ||
| Demography | ||||||
| Sex (male) | 240,678 (53.3%) | 44,904 (50.3%) | 14,724 (52.9%) | 16,740 (50.7%) | 94,736 (40.5%) | 534 (32.7%) |
| Age (years) | 57.7 ± 18.3 | 63.5 ± 17.5 | 53.1 ± 18.2 | 57.9 ± 20.6 | 50.4 ± 19.8 | 59.4 ± 12.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.2 | 24.3 ± 4.3 | 24.3 ± 4.1 | 24.2 ± 4.2 | ||
| Disease history | ||||||
| DM | 92,506 (20.5%) | 28,300 (31.7%) | 4454 (16.0%) | 7797 (23.6%) | ||
| HTN | 147,675 (32.7%) | 45,296 (50.7%) | 8684 (31.2%) | 12,980 (39.3%) | ||
| HLP | 129,366 (28.6%) | 37,712 (42.2%) | 7601 (27.3%) | 11,583 (35.1%) | ||
| CKD | 75,754 (16.8%) | 30,717 (34.4%) | 3200 (11.5%) | 5281 (16.0%) | ||
| AMI | 12,726 (2.8%) | 5464 (6.1%) | 422 (1.5%) | 472 (1.4%) | ||
| STK | 44,429 (9.8%) | 16,039 (18.0%) | 2373 (8.5%) | 3946 (11.9%) | ||
| CAD | 90,851 (20.1%) | 30,057 (33.7%) | 4781 (17.2%) | 6437 (19.5%) | ||
| HF | 30,555 (6.8%) | 13,339 (14.9%) | 1557 (5.6%) | 2307 (7.0%) | ||
| COPD | 1544 (6.4%) | 305 (16.5%) | 207 (4.4%) | 56 (12.5%) | ||
| Normal ECGs | 92,138 (39.4%) | 286 (17.5%) | ||||
| Follow-up information | ||||||
| Follow-up (years), median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.1–2.8) | 1.8 (0.4–3.3) | 1.9 (0.1–4.9) | 0.7 (0.1–3.0) | 3.5 (2.1–5.2) | 2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 23,592 (5.2%) | 6642 (7.4%) | 817 (2.9%) | 1173 (3.5%) | 8341 (3.6%) | 104 (6.4%) |
| All-cause mortality, n (%) (1 year) | 15,766 (6.5%) | 3647 (11.1%) | 446 (3.9%) | 753 (4.2%) | 2812 (24.2%) | 46 (93.9%) |
| All-cause mortality, n (%) (3 years) | 20,899 (6.0%) | 5562 (8.8%) | 692 (4.1%) | 1008 (4.1%) | 6173 (6.4%) | 104 (6.4%) |
ED: emergency department; IPD: inpatient department; OPD: outpatient department; BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; HLP: hyperlipidemia; CKD: chronic kidney disease; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; STK: stroke; CAD: coronary artery disease; HF: heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR: interquartile range.