Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of patients with diabetes in medical expenditure panel survey.
| Variables | Dual, % | Single, % | None, % | p-value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted Frequency | 7,790,811 | 13,775,265 | 4,807,413 | |
| Age category | 0.901 | |||
| 18–39 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 6.2 | |
| 40–64 | 46.4 | 46.3 | 46.4 | |
| 65+ | 46.2 | 45.5 | 47.4 | |
| Sex | 0.0005 | |||
| Male | 57.5 | 46.4 | 52.5 | |
| Female | 42.5 | 53.6 | 47.5 | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.2903 | |||
| Hispanic | 16.4 | 17.8 | 11.9 | |
| White | 58.1 | 59.6 | 62.2 | |
| African American | 16.9 | 13.5 | 16.5 | |
| Other or multiple races | 8.6 | 9.1 | 9.4 | |
| Marital status | 0.4014 | |||
| Married | 53.5 | 54.0 | 49.8 | |
| Previously married b | 32.4 | 31.4 | 38.1 | |
| Never married | 14.1 | 14.6 | 12.1 | |
| Education level | 0.0461 | |||
| <High school | 33.0 | 38.9 | 32.4 | |
| High school diploma | 51.3 | 44.5 | 53.2 | |
| College or higher | 15.7 | 16.6 | 14.4 | |
| Insurance | 0.2913 | |||
| Insured | 96.8 | 96.4 | 98.3 | |
| Uninsured | 3.2 | 3.6 | 1.7 | |
| Body mass index | 0.0798 | |||
| Underweight | 7.2 | 9.8 | 6.6 | |
| Normal | 13.5 | 11.5 | 13.6 | |
| Preobese | 32.1 | 26.2 | 23.6 | |
| Obese | 47.2 | 52.5 | 56.2 | |
| Income category | 0.1812 | |||
| Poor or low income | 33.1 | 36.8 | 40.0 | |
| Middle income | 31.5 | 28.1 | 31.8 | |
| High income | 35.4 | 35.1 | 28.2 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.4773 | |||
| 0 | 63.7 | 60.2 | 58.2 | |
| 1 | 21.6 | 22.3 | 22.5 | |
| ≥2 | 14.7 | 17.5 | 19.3 | |
| Diabetes duration; mean (SE) | 12.7 (0.55) | 13.7 (0.43) | 15.5 (1.1) | <0.0001 |
a p-values were found using chi-square tests for differences from those with dual, single, and no non-pharmacological intervention for categorical variables and Taylor series method for continuous variable.
b Previously married includes widowed, divorced, and separated individuals.