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. 2023 Jul 11;54:57. doi: 10.1186/s13567-023-01181-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Application of the CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine to conventional pigs. Conventional pigs were divided into two groups and immunized with one dose of CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine (Group D, n = 5) and placebo (Group E, n = 5) at 4 weeks of age. All pigs were challenged with 1 × 10⁵ TCID₅₀ of PCV2 at 8 weeks of age. The CSFV-specific antibody response was evaluated by neutralization assay (A) and ELISA (B). The serum PCV2-specific antibody level and PCV2 viral load were monitored by ELISA (C) and real-time PCR (D). All pigs were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. The peripheral lymph nodes were subjected to viral load detection by real-time PCR (E) and IHC analysis (F). Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean, and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. Differences were considered statistically significant at a p value < 0.05.