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. 2023 Jul 12;15:154. doi: 10.1186/s13098-023-01130-w

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Effect of DAPA or DAPA combined with exercise on the expression of atrophy-associated proteins in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of rats. The quantification of FoXO3A, FoXO1, NF-κB, and MuRF1 proteins is depicted in panels (A), (D), (E), and (F), respectively. The phosphorylation levels of the FoXO3A protein are shown in panel (B), while the relative expression of p-FoXO3A protein is shown in panel (C). GAPDH was employed as an internal control. All data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group), and statistical analysis involved a one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post hoc evaluation (*P < 0.05)