Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes at the 6-month assessment. Analyses for each outcome were adjusted for the baseline measure of that specific outcome (n=807).
|
|
Control (n=404) | Intervention (n=403) | Adjusted mean differencea or relative riskb (95% CI) | P value | |
| Primary outcome | |||||
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 127.9 (126.5 to 129.3) | 128.8 (127.4 to 130.2) | 0.90 (−1.1 to 2.9)a | .38 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||
|
|
BMI (kg/m2), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 31.8 (31.6 to 31.9) | 31.6 (31.5 to 31.8) | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.1)a | .25 |
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 77.0 (76.1 to 77.9) | 77.4 (76.5 to 78.3) | −0.2 (−1.6 to 1.3)a | .62 |
|
|
Waist circumference (cm), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 109.5 (108.8 to 110.2) | 109.2 (108.5 to 109.9) | −0.2 (−1.2 to 0.8)a | .67 |
|
|
LDLc cholesterol (mmol/L), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 1.9 (1.8 to 2.0) | 1.9 (1.9 to 2.0) | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.2)a | .56 |
|
|
Fasting glucose (mmol/L), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 7.6 (7.3 to 7.9) | 7.7 (7.4 to 8.1) | 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.6)a | .55 |
|
|
HbA1cd (%)e, adjusted mean (95% CI) | 7.7 (7.6 to 7.9) | 7.8 (7.7 to 8.0) | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3)a | .35 |
|
|
HbA1c (mmol/mol)e, adjusted mean (95% CI) | 61 (60 to 63) | 62 (61 to 64) | 1 (−1 to 3)a | .35 |
|
|
Total physical activity (METf minutes per week), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 1793 (1524 to 2060) | 2035 (1766 to 2304) | 242 (−137 to 621)a | .21 |
|
|
Fruit consumption (servings per week), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 10.8 (10.1 to 11.5) | 11.4 (10.8 to 12.1) | 0.6 (−0.3 to 1.6)a | .20 |
|
|
Vegetable consumption (servings per week), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 15.2 (14.2 to 16.3) | 16.1 (15.1 to 17.2) | 0.9 (−0.6 to 2.3)a | .23 |
|
|
Fish consumption (grams per week), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 194.6 (174.5 to 214.7) | 235.9 (215.8 to 256.1) | 41.3 (12.9 to 69.8)a | .004 |
|
|
Meals not prepared at home eaten per week, adjusted mean (95% CI) | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) | −0.0 (−0.3 to 0.3)a | .79 |
|
|
Using butter or ghee for cooking, n (%) | 294 (78.8)g | 270 (73)h | 0.9 (0.9 to 1.0)b | .05 |
|
|
Continued current smokersi, n (%) | 26 (78.8)j | 21 (70)k | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2)b | .42 |
|
|
Quality of life: physical component summary, adjusted mean (95% CI) | 46.5 (45.7 to 47.2) | 46.6 (45.8 to 47.3) | 0.1 (−0.9 to 1.2)a | .82 |
|
|
Quality of life: mental component summary, adjusted mean (95% CI) | 48.8 (48.3 to 49.4) | 49.3 (48.8 to 49.9) | 0.5 (−0.3 to 1.3)a | .24 |
|
|
Depression score (PHQ-9l), adjusted mean (95% CI) | 5.6 (5.2 to 6.1) | 5.5 (5.0 to 5.9) | −0.1 (−0.8 to 0.5)a | .67 |
|
|
Missed medication on at least one of the last 30 days, n (%) | 134 (36.1)m | 110 (29.7)h | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0)b | .045 |
aAdjusted mean difference.
bRelative risk.
cLDL: low-density lipoprotein.
dHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
eOf 642 participants with type 2 diabetes and baseline HbA1c of 7.1% to 11.4%.
fMET: metabolic equivalent of task.
gn=373.
hn=370.
iOf 63 participants who were current smokers at baseline.
jn=33.
kn=30.
lPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire–9.
mn=371.