Table 1.

Surrogate terms for therapeutic relational connection.

Paper	Author	Year	Surrogate or similar terms
1	Hiratsuka et al [26]	2013	Connection, relationship or nonverbal communication
2	Tuxbury [28]	2013	Presence, reciprocal flow of openness and dialogue
3	Barrett [24]	2016	Presence or nurturing presence, nurse-patient relationship
4	Goldstein and Glueck [32]	2016	Therapeutic alliance or developing rapport
5	Henry et al [31]	2016	Communication, closeness or building rapport, fostering collaboration, interpersonal behavior and attitudes, provider-patient interaction
6	Piras and Miele [27]	2019	Patient-provider relationship or digital intimacy
7	Chua et al [25]	2020	Feeling of connection or web-side manner
8	Gordon et al [13]	2020	Therapeutic rapport, provider-patient relationship or communication, web-side manner
9	Yan et al [29]	2020	Doctor-patient relationship, socioeconomic communication or understand and respond to patient emotional response, computer-mediated communication
10	Botrugno [12]	2021	Doctor-patient interaction or social presence, being there
11	Cataldo et al [30]	2021	Presence, therapeutic relationship or therapeutic alliance, computer-mediated communication
12	Kludacz-Alessandri et al [15]	2021	Provider-patient relationship, therapeutic relationship or interpersonal communication, relationship, respect
13	Zhang [14]	2021	Patient-provider relationship or doctor-patient communication, empathetic response, clinical empathy