Table 4.
Descriptive statistics of cardiometabolic variables (intention-to-treat analysis).
| Variable and groupa | t0b, mean (SD) | t1b, mean (SD) | t2b, mean (SD) | t3b, mean (SD) | |||||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Intervention | 88.88 (7.67) | 88.37 (8.64) | 87.79 (7.95) | 87.39 (10.26) | ||||
|
|
Control | 89.60 (12.07) | 90.00 (9.25) | 89.49 (9.39) | 88.32 (11.77) | ||||
| HbA1cc (%) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Intervention | 5.44 (0.33) | 5.42 (0.32) | 5.46 (0.25) | 5.47 (0.28) | ||||
|
|
Control | 5.37 (0.52) | 5.37 (0.36) | 5.43 (0.32) | 5.45 (0.29) | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Intervention | 211.79 (34.39) | 207.60 (33.06) | 206.31 (33.89) | 207.11 (33.54) | ||||
|
|
Control | 218.79 (48.51) | 211.07 (45.19) | 213.19 (38.11) | 211.03 (40.82) | ||||
| LDLd cholesterol (mg/dL) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Intervention | 132.62 (29.76) | 129.35 (28.03) | 141.79 (29.28) | 140.44 (27.47) | ||||
|
|
Control | 137.48 (40.14) | 133.57 (35.11) | 146.71 (30.65) | 143.99 (32.96) | ||||
| HDLe cholesterol (mg/dL) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Intervention | 57.62 (11.16) | 57.78 (9.42) | 60.45 (9.17) | 60.98 (11.73) | ||||
|
|
Control | 57.59 (11.92) | 56.48 (10.79) | 59.31 (10.34) | 58.09 (9.20) | ||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Intervention | 108.04 (47.29) | 105.60 (42.05) | 103.78 (45.32) | 101.55 (44.76) | ||||
|
|
Control | 121.73 (65.47) | 116.67 (67.98) | 115.36 (55.59) | 114.10 (53.04) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Intervention | 128.98 (13.43) | 126.88 (13.47) | 129.22 (11.62) | 126.50 (11.17) | ||||
|
|
Control | 130.20 (14.09) | 126.36 (13.74) | 132.12 (16.83) | 128.27 (13.17) | ||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Intervention | 87.99 (9.08) | 86.16 (8.70) | 87.86 (7.68) | 86.23 (7.12) | ||||
|
|
Control | 87.11 (8.47) | 84.82 (8.71) | 88.78 (9.78) | 86.79 (8.44) | ||||
aIntervention (n=78) and control (n=75) groups over 4 measurement time points.
bThe time points were baseline (t0), after the 12-week intervention (t1), and after an additional 6 months (t2) and 12 months (t3) of follow-up.
cHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
dLDL: low-density lipoprotein.
eHDL: high-density lipoprotein.