Table 3.
Noninferiority analyses on standardized between-group effects in primary and secondary outcomes at 3 and 15 months. Positive values indicate favorable change in neck-specific exercise with internet support (NSEIT) compared to neck-specific exercise at a physiotherapy clinic (NSE).
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Standardized between-group effects at 3 months | Standardized between-group effects at 15 months | ||||||
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Effect size | 95% CI lower limit | Standardized margina | Effect size | 95% CI lower limit | Standardized margina | ||
| Primary outcome | ||||||||
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NDIb (%)c | 0.129 | –0.164 | –0.628 | 0.099 | –0.211 | –0.581 | |
| Secondary outcome | ||||||||
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Neck pain averaged | –0.016 | –0.317 | –0.409 | –0.144 | –0.473 | –0.443 | |
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Neck pain nowd | –0.173 | –0.474 | –0.423 | –0.187 | –0.516 | –0.451 | |
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Arm pain averagee | 0.218 | –0.088 | –0.453 | –0.018 | –0.351 | –0.426 | |
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Arm pain nowe | 0.282 | –0.025 | –0.505 | –0.020 | –0.352 | –0.468 | |
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WDQf,g | –0.133 | –0.425 | –0.706 | –0.113 | –0.423 | –0.739 | |
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PSFSh worki | 0.158 | –0.147 | –0.748 | 0.122 | –0.218 | –0.672 | |
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PSFS leisure timei | 0.100 | –0.204 | –0.723 | 0.071 | –0.263 | –0.604 | |
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PSFS physical activityi | 0.167 | –0.143 | –0.586 | 0.162 | –0.188 | –0.586 | |
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EQ-5D-3L indexj | 0.189 | –0.104 | –0.449 | –0.010 | –0.322 | –0.409 | |
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EQ VASk,l | –0.034 | –0.329 | –0.434 | –0.243 | –0.556 | –0.470 | |
aStandardized margin indicates the standardized noninferiority margin. NSEIT is considered noninferior to NSE if the lower limit (the 1-sided 95% CI of the effect size) does not exceed the standardized margin.
bNDI: Neck Disability Index.
cScored from 0% (no disability) to 100% (high disability). Noninferiority margin of 7% units.
dNeck pain average previous week and now; Visual Analog Scale, scored from 0 mm (no pain) to 100 mm (worst imaginable pain). Noninferiority margin of 10 mm.
eArm pain average previous week and now; Visual Analog Scale, scored from 0 mm (no pain) to 100 mm (worst imaginable pain). Noninferiority margin of 10 mm.
fWDQ: Whiplash Disability Questionnaire.
gScored from 0 (no disability) to 130 (high disability). Noninferiority margin of 15 points.
hPSFS: Patient-Specific Functional Scale.
iScored from 0 (unable to do) to 10 (functional level equal to preinjury status). Noninferiority margin of 2 points.
jScored from –0.59 to 1, where 1 indicating “full health” and 0 “a state as bad as being dead.” Noninferiority margin of 0.1 units.
kVAS: Visual Analog Scale.
lScored from 0 (the worst imaginable health state) to 100 (the best imaginable health state). Noninferiority margin of 10 units.